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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Change in Self-Esteem among Middle School Students in Japan, 1989-2002

  AUTHORS: Yuji Ogihara

  KEYWORDS: Self-Esteem, Temporal Change, Cultural Change, Social Change, Japan

  JOURNAL NAME: Psychology, Vol.7 No.11, October 21, 2016

  ABSTRACT: This paper examined temporal changes in self-esteem among middle school students in Japan from 1989 to 2002. Previous research showed that self-esteem decreased among middle school students between 1999 and 2006. However, it was unclear whether such a decrease was also present in other periods of time. To obtain a better understanding of how people adapt to socio-economic environments, it is important to gain a more comprehensive view of such long-term cultural/social changes. Therefore, to supplement the findings of the existing research on changes in self-esteem, we analyzed large-sample time-series data collected in Japan in 1989 and 2002. We found that middle schoolers’ self-esteem decreased from 1989 to 2002, consistent with previous research. Thus, our study extends the previous research by presenting additional data showing the decrease in self-esteem in Japan.