TITLE:
Review on Zoonotic Importance of Bovine Tuberculosis and Its Control
AUTHORS:
Adem Mume Jemal
KEYWORDS:
Mycobacterium Bovis, Bovine, Zoonotic Disease, Control
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Access Library Journal,
Vol.3 No.3,
March
23,
2016
ABSTRACT:
Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious zoonotic disease of domestic animals
and humans. It is characterized by formation of granulomas in tissue especially
the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, intestines and the kidneys. Mycobacterium bovis is the main etiological
agent of BTB (Bovine tuberculosis) which is an acid fast staining bacterium due
to waxy substance (mycolic acid) present in its bacterial cell wall. The bacteria
can be transmitted by both aerogenous and enterogenous routes. In Ethiopia bovine
tuberculosis is endemic and mostly transmitted to humans through ingestion of unpasteurized
contaminated milk and contact with infected animals. Disease causes development
of miliary tubercular lesions, chronic cough, obstructions of air passages and alimentary
tract or blood vessels and enlargement of lymph nodes. A spectrum of Cell-Mediated
Immune responses (CMI) predominate infection, projecting the role of macrophages
and T-cell populations. In advanced stage, there is increased humoral response.
Tuberculinization test, single intradermal test and comparative intradermal
test, is the valuable delayed type hyper sensitivity test used for diagnosing
TB in live animal, and used in TB eradication and for international trade.
Vaccination of calves with attenuated bovine-strain of tuberculosis bacterium,
known as Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG) and testing and culling are
important measure in BTB control and prevention endemic area like Ethiopia. It is
important to pasteurize milk before human consumption to reduce public health risk.