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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in Cancer and Non-Neoplastic Diseases

  AUTHORS: Michael Nacif, Olfat Shaker

  KEYWORDS: Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), Monoclonal Antibodies (MoAbs), Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASO), Small Molecule Receptor Kinase Inhibitors (SMIs)

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Cancer Therapy, Vol.5 No.7, June 24, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) superfamily is a key player in the regulation of a wide variety of physiological processes from development to pathogenesis. Since the discovery of the prototypic member, TGF-β, almost three decades ago, there have been tremendous advances in our understanding of its complex biology. TGF-βmisregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancer with a direct role in facilitating metastasis, fibrosis and inflammation. Consequently, TGF-βis currently explored as a prognostic candidate biomarker of tumor invasiveness and metastasis; and it offers an attractive target for cancer therapy. Several anti-TGF-βapproaches, such as TGF-βantibodies, antisense oligonucleotides and small molecules inhibitors of TGF-βtype 1 receptor kinase, have shown great promise in the preclinical studies. Here, we consider why the TGF-βsignaling pathway is a drug target, the potential clinical applications of TGF-βinhibition, the issues arising with anti-TGF-βtherapy and how these might be adopted using personalized approaches with a special care for patient selection and timing of therapy so that we may bring forward all the potentials of targeting this pathway for therapeutic uses in both cancer, preferentially in combination therapy, and non-neoplastic diseases.