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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Bag of Words Approach

  AUTHORS: Monzurul Islam, Anh V. Dinh, Khan A. Wahid

  KEYWORDS: Diabetic Retinopathy, Bag of Words, Speeded Up Robust Features, Hard Exu-dates, Soft Exudates, Microaneurysms, Haemorrhages and SVM

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Vol.10 No.5B, June 16, 2017

  ABSTRACT: Imaging and computer vision systems offer the ability to study quantitatively on human physiology. On contrary, manual interpretation requires tremendous amount of work, expertise and excessive processing time. This work presents an algorithm that integrates image processing and machine learning to diagnose diabetic retinopathy from retinal fundus images. This automated method classifies diabetic retinopathy (or absence thereof) based on a dataset collected from some publicly available database such as DRIDB0, DRIDB1, MESSIDOR, STARE and HRF. Our approach utilizes bag of words model with Speeded Up Robust Features and demonstrate classification over 180 fundus images containing lesions (hard exudates, soft exudates, microaneurysms, and haemorrhages) and non-lesions with an accuracy of 94.4%, precision of 94%, recall and f1-score of 94% and AUC of 95%. Thus, the proposed approach presents a path toward precise and automated diabetic retinopathy diagnosis on a massive scale.