T. Shaneyfelt, M. A. Joordens, K. Nagothu and M. Jamshidi, “RF Communication between Surface and Underwater Robotic Swarms,” Automation Congress, Hawaii, 9 December 2008.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Electromagnetic Wave Propagation into Fresh Water

  AUTHORS: Shan Jiang, Stavros Georgakopoulos

  KEYWORDS: Wireless Communications, Propagation, Fresh Water, Optimum Frequency

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, Vol.3 No.7, July 19, 2011

  ABSTRACT: Wireless communications from air to fresh water are studied here. Our analysis relies on plane wave propagation mod-els. Specifically, the transmission loss and propagation loss of RF waves penetrating into fresh water are calculated for various propagation depths. Even though RF wireless communications are not well suited for seawater due to its high attenuation, our paper illustrates that RF communications from air to fresh water are possible. Finally, this work de-rives the optimum frequencies, which provide minimum attenuation and maximum propagation depth, for RF commu-nications from air to fresh water.