(2013). Abstracts of Presentations. Symposium on Unilateral Sanctions and International Law: Views on Legitimacy and Consequences. T.M.C. Asser Institute, The Hague, 11 July 2013.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Sanctions as a Law Enforcement Tool in International Law: A Case Study of Zimbabwe from 2001 to 2013

  AUTHORS: Cynthia Chipanga, Torque Mude

  KEYWORDS: Sanctions, Effectiveness, Zimbabwe, International Law, Law Enforcement

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Political Science, Vol.5 No.5, October 21, 2015

  ABSTRACT: The focus of this research is analysing the effectiveness of sanctions as a law enforcement tool in international law, a case study of Zimbabwe from 2001 to 2013, to analyse the extent to which sanctions are effective in compelling the behaviour of the targeted ZANU PF elite. The conclusion drawn from this research was that sanctions were not effective in compelling the behaviour of the targets as they strengthened their undemocratic practises and human rights violations. Moreover, the lack of a comprehensive nature of sanctions led the targeted circumventing the restrictions, as there was room for other alternative options. In addition, sanctions ended up hurting the innocent civilians, thereby violating international law.