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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Pathogenesis of Neuropsychiatric Syndromes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

  AUTHORS: Taku Yoshio, Hiroshi Okamoto

  KEYWORDS: Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Anti-Ribosomal P Antibodies, Anti-NR2 Glutamate Receptor Binding Antibodies, Interleukin-6, Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor, The Blood-Brain Barrier

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases, Vol.5 No.2, May 13, 2015

  ABSTRACT: The pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric syndromes of systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is multifactorial and can involve various inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies such as anti-neuronal antibodies, anti-ribosomal P antibodies, anti-NR2 glutamate receptor binding antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-U1-RNP antibodies and anti-phospholipid antibodies, and immune complexes (IC). Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is integral to the neuropathology of SLE. Recently the possibility has been reported that aforementioned autoantibodies in the circulation may be strongly associated with disruption of the BBB. Each of these mechanisms might contribute to the pathogenesis of focal NPSLE (for example, cerebrovascular disease, movement disorders, myelopathy, seizures and cranial neuropathy) or diffuse NPSLE (for example, acute confusional state, psychosis and cognitive dysfunction) to varying degrees. In this review we focus on how the aforementioned autoantibodies, the BBB, IC and cytokines as well as chemokines are associated with the appearance of NPSLE.