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has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Preliminary Findings on the Use of Targeted Therapy in Combination with Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Colorectal Cancer after Failure of Second-Line Therapy—A Potential Strategy for Improved Survival

  AUTHORS: Stanislaw R. Burzynski, Tomasz J. Janicki, Gregory S. Burzynski, Sheldon Brookman

  KEYWORDS: Colorectal Cancer, Colorectal Cancer Survival, Personalized Targeted Agents, Sodium Phenylbutyrate

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Cancer Therapy, Vol.5 No.13, November 20, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death related mortality with 1.2 million new cases diagnosed annually worldwide. Despite remarkable advances in the treatment of resectable CRC, advanced disease that recurs following initial two lines of chemotherapy, remains incurable. Targeted therapies using a single agent or in combination with other drugs have been tested in a number of clinical trials, with only moderate improvement. Here we present preliminary findings of improved overall survival (OS) using a combination of sodium phenylbutyrate with various targeted and chemotherapeutic agents in stage IV CRC patients who had failed at least two lines of chemotherapy. Results suggest a strategy of simultaneous interruption of signal transduction involving EGFR (VEGF)KRAS-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways and interference with cell cycle, cancer cell metabolism, maintenance of cancerous stem cells, and promotion of apoptosis. In a group of 15 patients, median OS was higher compared to other third-line therapies (14.7 months compared to between 4.8 and 9.5 months in other studies). Given the understanding that our findings are preliminary, we propose the validation of our initial results using a well-designed phase I/II trial in recurrent advanced colorectal cancer.