Research on Experience Model of Precision Poverty Alleviation in S Village—Based on the Perspective of Policy Implementation Process Theory

Overcoming poverty is the top priority of the 13 Five-Year Plan and the key to achieving the first century-long goal of a well-off society in an all-round way. With the continuous advancement of poverty alleviation work in China, the poverty alleviation work has encountered various difficulties, such as “the scattered distribution of poor households, multiple causes of poverty, and inadequate poverty relief”, and the effectiveness of poverty alleviation has been weakened. Against this background, General Secretary Xi Jinping made important instructions on “targeted poverty alleviation” and successively introduced related policies on targeted poverty alleviation in the following years, opening a new chapter for China’s poverty alleviation. Based on the social background of the “China Highlights, World Model” poverty alleviation effect in Guangdong Province, this paper selects the “S Village in Qingyuan City” to carry out field research, elaborates the existing poverty alleviation projects in S Village, and uses Smith policy to perform theoretical analysis, and analyzes the reasons for its effectiveness. Through analysis, it is found that the reason for the outstanding effect of poverty alleviation in S Village is that the poverty alleviation subjects such as the village poverty alleviation task force made full use of poverty reduction policies support, faced the poor households who were desperate to get rid of poverty, accurately analyzed their causes of poverty, and adopted corresponding poverty alleviation measures to stimulate. The endogenous drive for poverty alleviation of poor households was achieved, and the goal of joint efforts for poverty alleviation was achieved. Finally, this article builds an effective and targeted poverty alleviation system based on the effectiveness of poverty alleviation in S Village. How to cite this paper: Su, Y.C. (2019) Research on Experience Model of Precision Poverty Alleviation in S Village—Based on the Perspective of Policy Implementation Process Theory. Journal of Service Science and Management, 12, 880-898. https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2019.127060 Received: November 19, 2019 Accepted: December 23, 2019 Published: December 26, 2019 Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/


Question
Overcoming poverty is the top priority of the "13 th Five-Year Plan" and the key to achieving the first century-long goal of a well-off society in an all-round way.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's poverty alleviation work has continued to advance, and the targets of poverty alleviation have undergone an orderly transition from "total to regional, and then to regional and individual" [1]. In 2015, the per capita disposable income of poor households in S village was about 3200 yuan per year, which was a provincial-level poverty village. Government, and the drive of the District Party Committee and District Government, Guangzhou A, B, and C three bureaus jointly established a poverty alleviation working group to assist S Village. After comprehending the policy ideas, the three bureaus sent cadres K to settle in S village, and set up a village poverty alleviation task force with the first secretary and S village cadres selected by the county where S village was located to work together to solve the problem of poor households. In the poverty alleviation task force, the village cadre was mainly responsible for poverty alleviation, the first secretary was responsible for party building, and the village cadres were responsible for assisting village cadres to carry out poverty alleviation.

Carry out Object Recognition and File Registration
In S Village, the poverty alleviation team in the village carried out the identification of poor households through various methods such as bulletin boards of village committees, bulletin boards of village groups, villager group leaders, and household surveys. Among them, the identification process of poor households had gone through the seven major steps of "Village application-Village group centralized voting-Village committee gathering opinions-Village working Y. C. Su Journal of Service Science and Management group inspection-Village congress voting-List announcement-Reporting list to town government". According to the provincial poverty line of 4000 yuan/person/year, after investigation and review, the poverty alleviation team in the village confirmed that there were 64 poor households in S village and 247 poor people, of which the annual per capita disposable income of poor households in S village was about 3200 yuan about. After going through household surveys, data collection, and feedback from villagers, the poverty alleviation task force in the village entered the information of the poor households into the "Guangdong Provincial Poverty Alleviation Information Management System", established a file for the poor households, and implemented dynamic management.

Develop Poverty Alleviation Plans and Integrate
Poverty Alleviation Resources Starting in 2016, the third round of poverty alleviation in Guangdong would last three years, and strive to achieve a well-off society in advance in 2018. Therefore, in the process of targeted poverty alleviation, S Village had formulated a three-year master plan and an annual sub-plan, to gradually and respectively advance the poverty reduction work of S Village as planned. The entire planning system clearly pointed out the target tasks and specific plans, and had a significant guiding role in the development of poverty reduction work. In terms of target tasks, the master plan stated that by 2018, the per capita disposable income of the relatively poor people with working capacity would not be less than 45% (7365 yuan) of the per capita disposable income of rural residents in the province that year; all or Relatively poor people who were partially incapacitated were included in the minimum living security to ensure that all of them achieve stable poverty alleviation; the disposable income per capita of the village was not less than 60% (9820 yuan) per capita disposable income of rural residents in the province that year. On this basis, the annual target was implemented: in 2016, the poverty-stricken people who had lost all or part of their working capacity in compliance with the policy were included in social security, and all policy guarantees had been adopted to eradicate poverty; in 2017, 65% of the relatively poor population would achieve poverty alleviation; in 2018, 100% of the relative poor would achieve poverty alleviation.
In addition, help units implemented multi-resource integration. In terms of funding, five aspects of economic resources were integrated: special funds for provincial poverty reduction, self-raised funds by district governments, funds raised by aid units, industry funds, and social love funds. In terms of manpower, they implemented the "planning to households and responsibilities to people" and the "one-to-one responsibility assistance" system. The help units selected 64 leading cadres and established assistance agreements with 64 poor households.
Each poverty-stricken household received a help card with personal information and contact phone number printed on the help card. The assistance agreement could only be terminated until the poor households are stably lifted out of poverty. This measure had also stimulated the motivation of leading cadres to a Y. C. Su Journal of Service Science and Management certain extent.

Analyze the Causes of Poverty and Formulate
Poverty Alleviation Measures According to the interviews with the members of the poverty alleviation task force in the village and the analysis of the data of the poor households, the main reasons for the poverty of the poor households in S village were as follows: First, they were poor due to illness and disability. Some poor family members had serious or long-term chronic diseases, medical expenses and rehabilitation costs for disability were huge. Second, they had low cultural quality and lack of labor.
The left-behind villagers in the village were mostly old, weak, sick and disabled, and had a low level of education. It was difficult to engage in high-tech work.
Most of them were engaged in agriculture or free-range animals. Third, they had the lack of technology and funding for breeding. It was mainly based on family free-range breeding, with a small scale and low commodity rate, which could not form a scale. Fourth, the agricultural industry had a single structure. They mainly relied on the cultivation of low-value-added crops such as rice and corn to maintain their livelihoods, while the drought on the surface and low integration and effective utilization of land resources.
Based on the availability of labor, S Village's resident work divided 247 poor people and adopted different assistance measures. First, for the poor people who do not had the ability to work, they made policy guarantees to eradicate poverty, including the following aspects: one was to expand the coverage of social security, include all the poor households in the social security system, fund 179 people to participate in urban and rural residents' cooperative medical care, and fund 53 People purchase basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents. two was to assist undocumented persons with disabilities to obtain a disability certificate so that the disabled could enjoy the social benefits they deserve. Three was to provide education subsidies for school-age children; the subsidy standard was 3000 yuan per person/year, Junior high school 4000 yuan/person/year, high school 7000 yuan/person/year, university 15,000 yuan/person/year. The subsidy was issued by the provincial special fund.
Second, for the poor population with labor force, the main poverty alleviation measures were as follows. One was that the county-level government and the town-level government were contacted to carry out "county-town-village" three-level skills training, of which the county-level town government was responsible for the training of vocational skills such as electricians, starting cars, and childcare. The purpose was to continuously improve the professional literacy of the poor and improve their ability to escape poverty. Two was that the employment assistance was provided by the County Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, which recommended employment to the poor who were willing to go out to work. Three was that, for the poor people who were only willing to stay in the village, assistance in the breeding industry, manual assis- training and free distribution of seedlings, feed and other services, raising the level of breeding output and achieving stable income growth for poor households. Each poor household could apply to adopt a certain number of chickens, pigs, and cattle according to their own circumstances. The poor households adopted the poultry after signing the breeding value and signing the adoption agreement. After half a year, the poultry poverty alleviation team in the village agreed and assisted in reselling the poultry, and the profits were all their own.
The farming risk was borne by the village poverty alleviation task force, and the farming supervision was carried out by the village poverty alleviation task force, so as to prevent short-term interest behaviors such as selling immediately after adoption by poor households. In addition, manual assistance referred to the village poverty alleviation task force contacting outside manufacturers to purchase handmade materials for poor households, and the poor households did manual processing at home and helped households. Public welfare work assistance refered to the relatively old remaining labor population in some of the poor households. S village committees provided a small number of public welfare jobs from the collective income to achieve the goal of "the village has no income".
Third, to carry out asset assistance. Asset assistance in S Village referred to the Fifth, to implement dynamic management for the poor. The main aspects wre as follows. On the one hand, to strengthen management support for poor households, and timely include new poor households in need of help through feedback from village cadres and villagers, and require the poor households that have stably lifted out of poverty to withdraw from the poverty alleviation system and complete the rational allocation of poverty alleviation resources. On the other hand, to strengthen the rate of home video inspections, pay attention to the needs of poor households, and provide them with a way out of poverty.

Carry out End-of-Year Assessments to Ensure the Effectiveness of Poverty Alleviation
According to the Provincial Party Committee's poverty reduction documents, individual poverty reduction assessments and collective assessments were conducted at the end of each year. Personal assessment referred to the "Personal Readme" submitted by poverty alleviation cadres, explaining the poverty alleviation situation that the poverty alleviation unit has done during the year. Collective assessment involved provincial assessment, assessment of assisted cities and assessment of assisted cities. At the end of each year, the cities where the villages were being assisted conduct poverty alleviation assessments to understand the effects of poverty alleviation. Immediately afterwards, the city where the unit was assisted conducted a second assessment to review the effectiveness of poverty reduction. Before March of the following year, the Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office conducted random checks on the poverty alleviation reports submitted by the villages, and entrusted third-party social investigation agencies to verify. The verification included the villager satisfaction survey and the effectiveness of the poverty alleviation task force in the village. Among them, the verification of the most pro-poor population is based on the judgement based on the "eight of one super". "Eight and one super" meant that the people living out of poverty had a stable source of income, safe housing, basic medical security, compulsory education, roads, villages, drinking water, electricity, television, and net income exceeded current national poverty reduction standards. From an objective point of view, the verification of poverty alleviation based on a third-party investigation agency was conducive to ensuring the authenticity and persuasiveness of the effect of poverty alleviation.

Effect of Poverty Alleviation in S Village
In the half-year poverty alleviation work, S Village had made outstanding achievements in poverty alleviation. The first was to complete the poverty alleviation target for 2016, and include the poverty-stricken people who had lost all or part of their working capacity in compliance with the policies into social security, and fully implemented policy-based security to eradicate poverty. As of the end of 2016, S Village had realized 71 policy trips to reduce poverty by subsidizing urban and rural medical insurance, endowment insurance, and applying for

Analysis of the Causes of Poverty Alleviation in S Village from the Perspective of Policy Implementation
By explaining the poverty alleviation work in S village, the author found that the

Policy System: Three Levels of Legal Effect Support, and Five Aspects of Policy Content Are Unified
In the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation work, governments at all levels had launched various poverty alleviation policies, providing legal protection, institutional norms and work guidance for poverty alleviation workers.
These policies had provided strong policy support for targeted poverty alleviation in rural areas. From the perspective of the legal effectiveness of the policy, the three-level government of the "state-province-city" was working together to support the legal system for poverty alleviation. Among them, the central gov-

Enforcement Subject: Responsible for Promoting Work Attitudes and Motivating the Accountability System
Any policy needs to be implemented by the executor. Therefore, the executor's own quality level, identification with the policy, attitude to poverty alleviation work, and attention to management level will affect whether the policy can be

Target Group: Recognize and Implement Poverty Alleviation Policies and Stimulate Endogenous Motivation for Poverty Alleviation
Whether a policy can achieve its intended purpose is not entirely determined by the policy maker or policy executor, and is also affected to some extent by the target group. As the target group of targeted poverty alleviation in rural areas, the degree of recognition and investment of poor households and poor people in poverty alleviation policies will greatly affect the effectiveness of policies [4].
In rural poverty alleviation policies, there are both government welfare protection methods and industrial assistance and asset assistance.

Policy Environment: The Villagers Are Gentle and Peaceful, and Have a High Degree of External Acceptance
Any public policy needs to operate in a certain complex environment. The implementation of policy objectives will be affected by the governance environment. Therefore, the environment is a factor that cannot be ignored in the public

The Main Body Aimed at Both Sides in Poverty Alleviation is the Foundation
Achieving precision poverty alleviation is first and foremost. Accuracy of the subject not only requires accurate identification of the needy poor households, but also requires the selection of high-quality help subjects. Appointing highquality aid subjects can effectively promote the orderly development of poverty alleviation work and guarantee its poverty alleviation effect. The foundation of precision poverty alleviation lies in being able to target both parties in poverty Y. C. Su Journal of Service Science and Management alleviation and creates a good atmosphere for poverty alleviation.

Appointing Supporting Entities with Outstanding Performance
The appointment situation of the main body of assistance directly affects the implementation of poverty alleviation policies and the effect of poverty alleviation, and plays a pivotal role in poverty alleviation. Therefore, it is necessary to appoint leading cadres with high quality and comprehensive ability to help the poor. In the appointment of village cadres, civil servants with grass-roots work experience, strong working ability and high comprehensive quality should be selected to carry out preliminary work training, and do a good job of communication and coordination between village cadres and village cadres to help village cadres integrate quickly. Helping poor villages. In the selection of "one-on-one assistance" poverty alleviation cadres, the ranks of the ranks and the results of the annual performance evaluation should be considered comprehensively, so that higher-ranking cadres and more capable cadres can help the poorer households.

Improving the Mechanism for Identifying Poor People
In the initial work of filing and establishing a card, the application procedures for poor households should be strictly regulated. Besides, to listen more to villagers' opinions, strengthen information disclosure, verify the situation of poor households after entering the household, do a good job of explaining to the un-

Achieving Precise Supply and Demand of Poor Households Is the Key
On the basis of the accuracy of the main body, the main body of assistance should take corresponding poverty alleviation measures according to the different causes of poverty of the poor, so as to achieve the precise docking of the as-

Making Clear the Causes of Poverty
After doing a good job of identifying objects in the early stage, it is necessary to analyze and summarize the causes of poverty among the poor households. Based on the archives of poor households, understand the age distribution, education, family labor, disability, income, etc. of the poor households, and do a good job of "causing poverty due to illness, poverty due to old age, and poverty due to disability" "Poverty types such as poverty caused by lack of labor force," etc., to grasp the main types of poverty and lay the foundation for taking corresponding measures.

Implementing Multiple Measures to Help the Poor
Poverty alleviation should not just rely on capital irrigation to achieve shortterm digital poverty alleviation. This will not only increase the financial pressure on poverty alleviation, but also easily cause the poor households to rely on their welfare and increase the inertia of poverty alleviation. The long-term and efficient poverty alleviation measures are to stimulate the endogenous impetus of poor households and rely on long-term poverty reduction mechanisms to achieve poverty alleviation. Therefore, the poor can be classified according to whether they have labor force or not.
For the poor people who lack labor force, to realize financial welfare to get rid of poverty. The first is to provide urban and rural basic medical insurance subsidies for all the poor, including the poor into the medical security system, reducing the medical expenses of the poor, and reducing the degree of returning to poverty due to illness. The second is to purchase old-age insurance for the elderly to achieve comprehensive coverage of old-age benefits. Third, based on the living security of the disabled, applying for a disability certificate for the undocumented disabled, and using the disability subsidy as their own poverty alleviation fund.
For the poor population with labor force, two aspects of poverty alleviation assistance are implemented. On the one hand, employment assistance is pro-

Implementing the Responsibilities of Both Sides in Poverty Reduction Is Fundamental
Only by fulfilling the responsibility to the unit and to the individual can the poverty-relief subjects truly clarify their responsibilities, stimulate their own motivation for poverty alleviation, and devote themselves to the cause of poverty alleviation. At the same time, only by strengthening the sense of responsibility of the poverty-stricken subjects and formulating assistance agreements, can the poverty reduction work be effectively carried out and the basic requirements of precision poverty reduction implemented [6].

Implement the Responsibility of the Main Body of Poverty Alleviation
In the development of poverty alleviation work, it is necessary to clarify the responsibility relationship between the poverty alleviation subject and the object of assistance, and increase the importance of the poverty alleviation subject. For the unit, the effect of poverty alleviation is linked to the performance of the department. The good effect serves as an important basis for the promotion of cadres, and the report of the poor results is criticized, thereby increasing the attention of unit leaders and promoting the effective financing of unit poverty and other resources. For individuals, the poverty-relief individuals and the poor households are more task-oriented, and the relationship is result-oriented rather than process-oriented. The village cadres and the first secretary can only leave pover-Y. C. Su Journal of Service Science and Management ty-stricken villages after completing the poverty alleviation target within three years, and assisting cadres can only lift the assistance agreement between the two parties after helping the poor households achieve stable poverty alleviation.
Putting the responsibility of assistance into practice will help stimulate the poverty alleviation motivation of the main body of poverty alleviation.

Strengthen the Sense of Responsibility of Poor Households in Poverty Alleviation
In addition to paying attention to the implementation of the responsibilities of poverty alleviation subjects, we should also pay attention to the problem of poverty alleviation of poor households. Poverty alleviation should not only rely on external forces, but also stimulate the endogenous willingness of poor households to escape poverty, so that poor households can improve their ability to escape poverty and prevent them from returning to poverty again. In the assistance project between the assistance subject and the poor households, a support agreement was signed to clarify the poverty relief responsibilities of the poor households. Take industrial poverty alleviation as an example. After the poor households apply for livestock, they need to sign a help agreement and a commitment letter to ensure that they are not resold privately during the breeding period and maintain the profitability of poverty alleviation materials. In addition, the information on poverty reduction projects should be made public, so that poor households can increase their willingness to escape poverty with the witness and help of other villagers, so as to achieve poverty alleviation at an early date.

The Use of Appropriate Poverty Alleviation Measures Is a Guarantee
The use of poverty alleviation measures by the subjects of poverty alleviation will directly affect the effectiveness of poverty alleviation policies. Therefore, the main body of poverty alleviation must adopt different methods of poverty alleviation according to local conditions and people, so as to expand the scope of policy promotion, implement poverty alleviation projects, and ensure the effectiveness of poverty alleviation.

Use the Plan to Guide Poverty Reduction
The plan determines the scale and standards for various complex and changeable management activities, not only pointing the direction for control, but also providing a basis for control work. In complex rural poverty alleviation, poverty alleviation plans are especially needed. There are two types of poverty alleviation plans: target plans and project plans. In the target plan, a master plan for poverty alleviation should be formulated, and on this basis, a phased poverty alleviation plan should be formulated to gradually achieve the goal of poverty alleviation. In the project plan, the costs, benefits, risks, and countermeasures of poverty reduction projects should be planned. With the poverty alleviation plan, we can clearly recognize the current poverty alleviation situation, adjust the resources

Implement Poverty Alleviation through Household Registration
In terms of policy promotion, although there is a village committee and village leader on the bulletin board, the effect radiation coverage is difficult to cover all the poor households. Coupled with the problems of scattered poor households, disability, and travel difficulties for elderly poor households in some areas, household promotion is particularly important. In the implementation, led by the village cadres, relying on the village cadres' interpersonal circle, to go to the poor households for policy promotion and project development. In addition, household inspections should be carried out at regular and irregular intervals, and the household frequency should not be less than once per week. This will not only ensure that poverty-stricken households continue their poverty alleviation work, but also help strengthen the cadres in the village to understand the timely issues of the poor households and enhance the relationship between the two sides.

Conclusion
In Grasping experience is worth learning from.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.