Biochemical Characteristics of Saint Mary’s Thistle Varieties ( Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. ) under Soil-Climate Conditions of the Khorezm Region

This article deals with the biochemical characteristics of varieties of Saint Mary’s Thistle such as Panacea, Debut and Samaryanka. Based on the studies, it was found that the highest oil content was found in the species Debut (26%). The lowest oil content was observed in the variety Samaryanka (19%). The highest protein content and the sum of total amino acids in the seeds of St. Mary’s Thistle varieties were found in the variety Debut (131.1), and the lowest indication was observed in the species Samaryanka (79.2). By the number of replaceable amino acids existing in the seeds of the species of St. Mary’s Thistle, it was found in the Varieties Debut (126.3), and the lowest indication was observed in the variety Samaryanka (112). Based on the results of studies and the noted biochemical characteristics and varietal differences of the St. Mary’s Thistle, the possibility and expediency of expanding the crops of this species in the soil and climatic conditions of the Khorezm region are suggested. The research was conducted 2017-2019


Introduction
Medicinal plants, as well as preparations obtained from them, are used in medi-How to cite this paper: Abdurakhimov, U.K., Usmanov, R.M., Khamraev, N.U., Nurmetova, F.R., Matyakubova, Y.A. and Matkarimova, A.A. (2020) Biochemical Characteristics of Saint Mary's Thistle Varieties (Silybum cine for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The need for medicinal raw materials is increasing, in connection with which a comprehensive study of medicinal plants is relevant. Much depends on both the search for new plant species and the in-depth study of existing ones in solving this problem. Long-term forecasting of the rational use of medicinal resources should be based on a focus from artificial plantations onto the gradual transition of raw materials [1].
Improving the provision of effective medicines for the population can be achieved by increasing the sources of herbal plants. The biological, physiological and biochemical features of the growth and development of the crop, its environmental conditions, the technology of cleaning, drying and storage of medicinal raw materials for a particular plantation region have a significant impact on the yield and quality of raw materials for medicinal crops [2].
Day by day the demand for herbal medicines in Uzbekistan remains stable and quite high in the world economy, in particular in Uzbekistan. In this regard, there is a need to expand the raw material base due to cultivated and wild herbal plants. As you know, the cultivation of medicinal plants in controlled conditions contributes to the preservation of natural genetic resources and the production of higher quality raw materials compared with wild harvesting. The expansion of sown areas under certain medicinal crops is often constrained by a limited amount of sowing material due to the relatively low seed yield due to the biological characteristics of plants, an extended flowering-fruiting period, and shedding. For such crops, techniques for increasing seed productivity are undoubtedly relevant [3].
The main reason for introducing medicinal plants into the culture is that the harvesting of wild-growing species cannot always meet the production needs. In many cases, medicinal plant raw materials harvested under natural conditions are inferior to cultivated species, primarily in such indicators as the content of active substances, the presence of impurities, and others [4].
The development of cultivation methods and the introduction of wild-growing medicinal, ornamental, and other useful plants into the culture allows us to meet the need for these species, which will help to prevent the complete destruction of their stocks in the natural environment. However, work on attracting rare and endangered plant species and their study is still completely insufficient. They thirstily and significantly need to be expanded and activated [5].
To increase the yield of high-quality raw materials from medicinal plants, it is necessary to develop new technologies for its production based on a thorough study of biological and biochemical characteristics, taking into account the climate conditions in cultivation area. St. Mary's Thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) is very significant among these species, which is considered a new cultivated plant in the Republic of Uzbekistan, in particular the Khorezm region. However, the possibilities of its application and cultivation technology, varietal differences, biological, physiological and biochemical features in the Khorezm region have not been studied yet [6].

Research Objects and Methods
The purpose of our research is to study the biochemical parameters of various
The acid volume is not more than 3.5, the saponification amount is 179 -190, the iodine amount is 57 -59, and the oxidation index is not more than 5 [1].  The protein content of the variety Samaryanka was 12.1%, and of the essential

Conclusions
Based on the studies, we can make a conclusion as in the following: The highest oil content was found in the variety Debut (26%). The lowest oil content was observed in the variety Samaryanka (19%); the highest protein con-

Recommendations to Production
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