Research on Rural Land Right Confirmation from the Perspective of Campaign-Style Governance

This paper focuses on the implementation effect of the rural land right confirmation work carried out in China since 2013. It discusses the imbalance and good governance in the rural land right confirmation work through the review of this policy agenda. The author adopts the grounded theory research method based on interviews and literature research to find out the unbalanced points and interest conflicts of each subject in the policy agenda, focusing on Shanxi Province, which has a high proportion of traditional agriculture. This land right verification work has significant movement type governance characteristics, driven by the central, within five years to complete a nationwide land management work. Behind its high timeliness and predetermined target is a series of games from policy entrusting parties, intermediate contractors and grass-roots agents. The three forces interact and reconstruct. Task transmission becomes the main line of activities and task objectives are constantly overhead. The implementation of policy objectives is challenged. Based on this, this study proposes to improve the top-level design to avoid imbalance in sports governance. To achieve good governance through long-term planning. It provides reference for understanding the deficiency of the implementation of the policy agenda and the defect of the movement governance.


1) The presentation of the question
Land is an important factor of production and a spatial carrier of human activities and social and economic development. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China has carried out several land reform policies, especially since the reform and opening up, China has made particularly remarkable achievements in the reform and development of the rural land system.
In recent years, in order to solve the problem of unclear ownership of rural assets and chaotic management of contracted land cadastre, the state has carried out the rural land right confirmation work and completed the phased reform target in 2018, gradually establishing a complete rural asset and property rights system, invigorating rural production factors and liberating rural productive forces.
When the goal of rural land right confirmation is completed, we choose the southeast of Shanxi Province to carry out a retrospective investigation on the effect of land right confirmation to discuss the effect of policy implementation.
Evaluation and investigation after policy implementation is a weak item in China's current administrative work, and "emphasis on the beginning and neglect of evaluation" is a common phenomenon in China's policy agenda. Our investigation will examine the effect and influence of such a campaign to sort out land ownership relations within a few years. Campaign governance has played an important role in rural land management over the past decades [1]. So in the land affirms authority job in recent years, is athletic type management still adapted to current reality, maintain higher management benefit? Have problems and contradictions in the implementation of policies been properly resolved?
Below athletic type management, how is the result that land affirms authority to Improving the agricultural production efficiency through the continuous reform of rural property rights relations is the key work in the agricultural field since China's reform and opening up, and also the necessary premise to realize the moderate scale operation of agriculture.
In recent years, the actual situation shows that vague land rights have shown a lot of inadaptability. Yu found that 73.2% of the petitioners involved in land issues, and 75.2% of the defendants were mainly grass-roots administrative departments and officials of counties and villages. In the past decade, conflicts over land have been on the rise and mass incidents have occurred frequently, which have seriously threatened social stability and farmers' vital interests [2]. Tan shukui summarized the trigger factors of farmland conflicts and found that the determination of land property rights, the exercise of land ownership, land use, land expropriation and land transfer are the fields where land conflicts occur frequently [3]. After in-depth investigation, although there are differences in the trigger factors, fighting targets and interest demands of each type of conflict, it is found that the root cause lies in vague land rights [4]. It is the defects of the system itself that lead to the dispute over the ownership of land interests, resulting in uneven distribution of interests, the infringement of vested interests and powerful groups on the weak groups, and then inter-group conflicts. Therefore, with the development of economy and society, the interests of agricultural land will gradually increase, while the vague property rights lead to the existence of a large number of "public areas". The lack of clear property rights will lead to the competitive plunder of rents in the "public domain" by various interest groups.
If the clarification is not accelerated, a large number of rents will be dissipated, and more social conflicts will be caused. Therefore, the ambiguous farmland property right system has become one of the main sources of social conflicts.
Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and analyze the current situation and existing problems of rural land right confirmation in China, and explore the rural land work path that conforms to China's national conditions. b) Sport management Movement type governance is not only the pressure type system to supply the government was forced to move, is also a lack of government social mobilization ability or face the result of rational choice, under the resources bottleneck of management objectives and management ability does not match is the sufficient condition of governance movement and its change and development has performance legitimacy logic, the ruling political logic and the logic of local autonomy and other internal logic [5]. Ouyang jing divided campaign governance into national campaign governance and grassroots campaign governance, and pointed out that, unlike national campaign governance, grassroots campaign governance is a regular administrative mechanism rather than a temporary, arbitrary and unconventional political mechanism. In practical operation, grass-roots movement governance and bureaucratic system are interdependent and interwoven, which should deal with the "central work" of grass-roots government [6]. Open Journal of Business and Management From the perspective of governance benefits, campaign governance can mobilize resources, concentrate the efforts and attention of all parties to complete a specific task through top-down and political mobilization, and achieve immediate results in solving major governance problems by integrating resources and going beyond bureaucratic organizational procedures and operational norms.
Ouyang believes that since the reform and opening to the outside of the system construction process, the evolution of the land policy is the typical case of a movement type governance: the original planned economy under the governance mechanism of conventional type (namely the transfer of land supply free of charge), and the land shall not transfer to flow, completely unable to cope with changes in the reform, while the grope for establishing and perfecting new mechanism after several rounds, before and after more than 30 years [7]. Since land is one of the basic investment factors of economic growth, land policy has a great impact on economic development. And the economic transformation has brought profound changes to the use of land, an extremely large number of basic resources that spread across the country. In fact, the process of institutional construction in this field is one of the most complex and far-reaching changes in this period. Based on the above reasons, the cases in the field of land have strong representativeness in the whole reform process, and it is a good choice to discuss the role of sports governance in it.

c) Summary
From the above research, land right confirmation is a key task of rural development in China, and is faced with extremely complicated situation. Over the past decades of work practice, land work experience several big changes, constantly optimize update land ownership in land management, this study will explore a new round of approval after the change of the rural land ownership, based on the field investigation of every main body work, achieve the combination of micro and macro perspective.
From the literature, we can find that there is still a lack of retrospective research on the implementation of land policies, which is also a weak item in China's policy agenda, and insufficient attention is paid to the evaluation of the implementation of policies, especially the empirical research on the implementation of land policies. The research object of this paper is the southeast region of Shanxi Province, which has a long history of farming, villagers have a high dependence on land, and rich research resources. "stage to deepen reform of rural land system and conform to farmers' reserves the right to contract land, land circulation management, and management rights, right to contract the right to the contracted management of land is divided into the ownership, consulting and management (hereinafter referred to as the 'separation') division in parallel, promoting agricultural modernization, after the household contract responsibility system is another important system innovation in rural reform".

Review of China's Rural Land Work in the Past 70 Years
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The Development of Rural Land Right Confirmation from the Perspective of Sports Governance
Social governance can be divided into sports governance and institutional governance. As a means of governance corresponding to institutional governance, sports governance has been widely used in various countries in the world. In However, as the definition of campaign governance indicates, such a form of governance has obvious stormy characteristics and requires all departments to work together to complete such a big task in a short time. It is a challenge for all levels of governments in terms of multi-department cooperation or coordination with the original work. In the process of investigation, we also found the emptiness and dislocation behind the efficient governance.

The Game Process of Each Subject in the Rural Land Right Confirmation
Land right confirmation works from top to bottom through the central govern- In terms of the relationship between several subjects, as a third party technology company, on the one hand, it collaborates with the government to build a digital platform, and on the other hand, it organizes field survey. The main problem is that the digital construction lags behind the actual demand. The relationship between the government and village committees and villagers is two-sided. First, in order to avoid conflicts and solve problems in a short time, the government may shelve disputes to ensure reasonable governance, but if conflicts are not properly solved for a long time, they will become more and more serious and even become larger mass conflicts. On the other hand, it is people's return visit and supervision. In the inspection and random inspection mechanism stipulated by subjects at all levels, there is no real mechanism corresponding to the supervision of the results of right confirmation. Most villagers neither understand this policy, nor can they complain about the phenomenon of land occupation, so they cannot effectively supervise the work of right confirmation.
2) Suggestions on problems existing in the implementation of the work a) Improve the regulations on dispute settlement, and allow arbitration institutions to move from "rule of man" to "rule of law" There are a lot of disputes in the land right confirmation work. This is because the comprehensive experience of the whole country has been used to introduce a perfect dispute settlement method, so that the land right confirmation arbitration institutions can be relied on, rather than just relying on personal judgment to deal with problems. Although movement governance has problems such as department cooperation and inadequate planning, its direct effectiveness in solving some specific problems has laid an important position in social governance. From the perspective of the relationship between the entrusting party and the contractor, we can only improve the relevant rules and regulations step by step, avoid arbitrary law enforcement and irregularities, clarify the responsibilities of all parts, rather than absent, and strive to maintain the credibility of the government. As the agent of the village committee to do is to further do a good job of communication work, strengthen the propaganda, put every policy into effect, deal with the dispute between the masses. Villagers should also raise their awareness of active participation.
The key to solving the problem is between local governments and farmers. To 3) How can we achieve good governance at the grassroots level?
Under sports governance, there will inevitably be insufficient supporting facilities at all levels, which will adversely affect the quality of policy implementation.
It is not uncommon for people at the grassroots level to put problems on hold.
This has seriously shaken the legitimacy and authority of the ruling position of the party and government at the grassroots level, and seriously damaged the image of the party and government. Open Journal of Business and Management How to achieve good governance at the grassroots level? The author believes that the most important thing is to give full play to the role of top-level design, attach importance to long-term planning, and take grassroots issues, especially the governance of "three rural issues", into China's five-year plan, carry out work planning from top to bottom, achieve orderly and prepared governance, and use perfect system to deal with potential contradictions.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.