Fodder Halophytes for Saline Lands of Kyzylkum Desert

The article is devoted to the economic and biological characteristics of promising desert semi-shrub halophytes (Kochia prostrate, Salsola orientalis, Ceratoides ewersmaniana, Halothamhus subaphyllus, Camphorosma lessingii) to improve saline lands of the Kyzylkum desert.

lief of the Aral part was formed under the influence of the Aral Sea-along the Eastern shore is characterized by the deposition of loose and fixed Sands.
The sands of Kyzylkum are the product of centuries-old destruction of sediments that compose the plateau itself. They have a characteristic reddish color (the Uzbek term "Kyzylkum" literally means "red sand"), which owes its name to the entire Kyzylkum desert.
Believe it is appropriate to briefly elaborate on the General characteristics Ayakagitma and Karatin troughs-the area of the present study.
Ayakagitma and Karatin basin is located on the administrative boundaries of Gijduvan, Shafirkan, Karmana districts of Bukhara and Navoi regions of Uzbekistan. Common footprint is only one Ayakagitma basin of about 20 km 2 [4].
The geomorphological structure of the Ayakagitma depression is quite complex and variegated. It is a saucer-like surface, in some years, sometimes accumulated a small amount of precipitation. This is salt marsh of Bashagitma; there are other small areas of wet salt marshes, often populated by representatives of most supplies of salt-resistant halophytes, or no vegetation.
The outskirt of this relatively large basin is a terraced formation and wide gentle slopes with uneven terrain. The banks of the depression are often precipitous; they are quite clearly visible outputs of various tertiary rocks-green and red clay, sandstones, marls. In some places, alluvial and proluvial formations are well traced. Separate arrays of cavities, especially near the count, Akmurt, Yavshan-Tepe marked area of aeolian sandy sediment in the form of bumps and ridges.
The soil cover Ayakagitma basin is quite diverse. From 6 types (grey-brown, desert-sandy, takir, meadow, bog, and salt marshes), 9 subtypes and 31 kinds of soils are characteristic of arid areas in Ayakagitma depression found in almost all of these types and options.
On elevated areas gray-brown and desert-sandy soils of different mechanical composition prevail; in depressions and moist places with close groundwatersaline soils, meadow, meadow-marsh soils [5]. The soils of the experimental field (state farm "Madaniyat", array "Kizil kesek") are quite saline from the surface ( Table 1); at a depth of 28 -62 cm the salt content is significantly reduced; even lower (62 -100 cm) the content of the dense residue is 1.2% (Table 1).
Among 87 samples comprised of 9 Botanical families, one and perennial halophytes in a culture of the Kyzylkum desert in such important biological parameters as survival, the dynamics of annual growth and amount of biomass on prospects objects in the feed, biomeliorative relations were perennial shrubs (Kohia prostrate, Salsola orientalis, Ceratoides eversmaniana, Halonamnus sufaphyllis), etc.
More detailed results of the research are reflected in the press [11]- [18].
The main purpose of this report is the economic and biological characteristics of promising phytomeliorants from the number of semi-shrub halophytes used to improve the saline pastures of Kyzylkum.
Below you will find the botanical characteristics of some plants. Seeds: round-oval, smooth, brownish, 1.2 -2.0 mm long and 1.0 and 1.5 mm wide, in the center on both sides dented. Weight of 1000 seeds: 0.9 -1.2 g.
The leaves contain a large amount of protein 14.7, little (4.7 -39.6 mg/kg) of carotene and lignin (10.7% -18.5%) from trace elements a lot of zinc-17.0 K/kg and amino acids (lysine, leucine, isoleucine) [8]. Cochia-valuable grazing, fattening plant in a culture of the Kyzylkum desert harvest his forage is 14 -16 kg/ha. Due to its valuable feed advantages, high yield, salt resistance, izen stands out among other types of desert shrubs.
Botanical characteristics: semi-shrub of the family of Chenopodiaceae from 40 to 120 cm in height.   It grows on gray soils, gray-brown soils, takyrs, on low-power Sands; prefers a more dense soil and is rarely found on highly moist and plump saline soils. In plant communities with the participation of keyreuk shrubs are 7% -15%, semi-shrubs-18 -30%, annual and perennial herbs-12% -60%. Amino acid composition is also diverse: the largest number of amino acids contained in the spring: 0.7 g arginine, 1.7 g aspartic acid; 2.4 g glutamic acid, 1.2 g glycine, 1.1 g alanine, 1.4 g valine, 0.25 g methionine, 1.4 g leucine, 0.5 g tyrosine, etc. [8].
The content of carotene in the vegetation phase is 85.4; vitamin C-781 mg/kg.
The grazing value: keyreuk eaten by sheep, goats, camels; often in the fall and winter. Eaten its parts are all above-ground vegetating parts of the current year in a green and dry state.
Feed productivity of keyreuk in various soil and soil conditions is 6.9 -21.2 C/ha of hay [12].
Keyreuk is a valuable object for phytomelioration of arid pastures of saline, gypsum deserts of Central Asia [17]. Botanical characteristics: Shrub with a height of 50 -120 cm of the family Chenopodiaceae. Escape is highly branched, light green. Leaves alternate, fleshy. The flowers are located in the axils of the bracts, single in spike inflorescences. Fruit: unopened nut, the size of the fruit is 12 -20 mm (Figure 4). Seeds: rounded, slightly concave 2 -3.5 mm. Embryo spiral, with a yellowish spine, and the two dark green cotyledons.

Halothamhus subaphyllus
Phenology: Grows in March, blooms in may-July, and bears fruit in October-early November. The growing season ends in the autumn after frosts.
Area and ecology. Distributed on gravelly saline soils, gray-brown and gray soils, takyrs, on low-power Sands of the arid zone of Central Asia.
In 100 kg of dry food contains 52 summer, autumn-46 and winter 37 fodder food.
Pasture value: Valuable forage plant for sheep, goats, camels. Mainly eaten in American Journal of Plant Sciences In Research Institute of Karakul and desert ecology (RIKDE) launched his sort "Jayhun".

Camphorosma lessingii Litv.
Botanical characteristics. Shrub of the family Chenopodiaceae with a height of 30 -80 cm. Morphologically from other semi-shrub salt pans is characterized in that its vegetative shoots often tightly pressed to the ground, and the generative shoots are covered with a whitish drooping.
Areal komforsmi-Central Asia, South-East of the European part of Russia, Western Siberia, Iran, Afghanistan, China, Mongolia.
It is more common in steppe, desert, and semi-desert zones [20]. Camphorosma is a plant capable of forming a deeply penetrating and powerfully developed root system.
Conclusions. Halophytes (there are more than 2000 of them in the world flo-