Research on Communication Identification of Intangible Cultural Heritage Popular Science Publication Based on AHP and Entropy Method ()
1. Introduction
As one of the communication channels, publication has significant effects in the communication process. With the development of society, whatever the types of publication are, what the audiences concern the most is whether the contents can be presented properly, reading comfort level and whether it can inspire interests [1] . In new media communication age, information communication changes from mass communication to personalized precise communication [2] . Getting more concerning from people, as one of the most important channel of ICH popular science, publication must be evaluated precisely from the aspect of audience. Then it will be evaluated properly in audience identification.
From literature review, most researchers focus on communication and inheritance of ICH from the aspect of communication and ICH in contemporary media. The research of communication and inheritance of ICH are mainly from the aspect of communication [3] [4] [5] . Contemporary media mainly discuss its influence and effects in modern communication [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . Therefore, no one has conducted research on ICH popular science publication. Besides, no one has measured the communication effects or traditional identification by putting inheritors and general audience into one index. In this article, questionnaire method is used about ICH popular science publication in inheritors and general audience respectively. The result is calculated on the basis of AHP and entropy method. Then index system of communication identification of ICH popular science publication is built to provide reference to other ICH popular science publication and other general popular science publication.
2. Building Index System of Communication Identification of ICH Popular Science Publication
Only can maintain active culturally and inherit specific cultural significance and cultural symbol in dynamic communication, media have important effects in its communication process. As one of the important channel of media communication, the author chooses ICH popular science publication as a pointcut in publication. Based on “uses and gratifications theory”, an index system of communication identification of ICH popular science publication is built.
2.1. Uses
In the book “Personal Influence, The part played by people in the flow of mass communications”, Katz believes that needs of individuals are stimulated by social and psychological factors. Needs arouse individuals’ expectation towards mass communication or other media. Different expectation leads to different contact and use. The use of media satisfies the needs of individuals [11] . In this article, first-level index is designed as “use” and second-level indexes are designed as using habits and using behavior. As for using habits, third-level indexes are daily habits, holiday habits, frequency of usage, durable years. As for using behavior, third-level index is from whom the audience knows this channel.
2.2. Identification
In this article, the index of “gratification” is designed as “identification” in the index system. It is the first-level index. Because “identification” can illustrate audience’s aspiration and satisfaction degree better than “gratification” in the communication of ICH popular science publication. Therefore, second-level indexes of “identification” are satisfaction degree and dependency degree. As for satisfaction degree, third-level indexes are clear demonstration, acquiring knowledge and integrating into relevant situation of skills and knowledge. As for dependency degree, third-level indexes are as follow: 1) audience always think of relevant knowledge when they do not use it; 2) it is used as the methods of reducing pressure, disencumbering, relieving anxiety and dilemma, and looking for emotional sustenance; 3) it is often used overtime; 4) other tasks at hand cannot be completed due to reading ICH popular science publication; 5) cognition about ICH mainly comes from ICH popular science publication; 6) audience look for relevant knowledge or travel to relevant places because they have read ICH popular science publication. According to the first-level indexes (criterion layer), second-level indexes (factor layer) and third-level indexes (index layer), the index system of communication identification of ICH popular science publication (Table 1) is built.
3. Building Index System of Communication Identification of ICH Popular Science Publication Based on AHP and Entropy Method
3.1. Evaluation Model of Communication Identification of ICH Popular Science Publication Based on AHP
AHP is a decision-making method combining qualitative and quantitative analyzing. Its basis idea is as follow: analyzing deeply about complex and difficult
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Table 1. Index system of communication identification of ICH popular science publication.
problems, influencing factors and their intrinsic relations; then building a hierarchical structure model; after that, making thinking process of decision makers hierarchical and mathematical. To be specific, AHP aims to resolve the problems into several indexes and group these indexes according to dominance relation, and then link then into an orderly class hierarchy. It usually contains objective level, criterion layer and factor layer. Experts or decision makers make pairwise comparison among all the factors in the same control indicators. The importance of indexes in each level can be determined in this way. Then indexes will be weighed by each level and index weight can be determined [12] [13] . The author conducted interviews among 10 experts in ICH research from ICH training workshop of Ministry of Culture. These experts are asked to judge the importance of factors. Results are as follow:
1) Component weight analysis
Component factors (use and identification) of communication identification in ICH popular science publication are marked as “U” and “G”. One of the component factors is set as “A”, that is “U” or “G”.
λmax = 3.0044, CR = 0.0043 < 0.1, The consistency of matrix A is judges as undergoing test (Table 2).
2) Using weight determination
Using component factors are marked as “U1” and “U2”.
When λmax = 2.0055, CR = 0.0019 < 0.1, the consistency of matrix U is judges as undergoing test (Table 3).
a) Using habits weight determination
Component factors of using habits are marked as “U11”, “U12”, “U13” and “U14”.
When λmax = 4.1240, CR = 0.0464 < 0.1, the consistency of matrix U1 is judges as undergoing test (Table 4).
b) Using behavior weight determination
Component factors of using behavior are marked as “U21”.
When λmax = 2.2260, CR = 0.0333 < 0.1, the consistency of matrix U2 is judges as undergoing test (Table 5).
3) Identification weight determination
Component factors of identification are marked as “G1” and “G2”.
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Table 2. Analysis table of survey data (1).
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Table 3. Analysis table of survey data (2).
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Table 4. Analysis table of survey data (3).
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Table 5. Analysis table of survey data (4).
When λmax = 6.8367，CR = 0.0903 < 0.1, the consistency of matrix G is judges as undergoing test (Table 6).
a) Satisfaction degree weight determination
Component factors of satisfaction degree are marked as “G11”, “G12” and “G13”.
When λmax = 3.9203, CR = 0.09152 < 0.1, the consistency of matrix G1 is judges as undergoing test (Table 7).
b) Dependence degree weight determination
Component factors of dependence degree are marked as “G21”, “G22” and “G23”.
When λmax = 6.5712, CR = 0.08774 < 0.1, the consistency of matrix G2 is judges as undergoing test (Table 8).
To sum up, the level order of ICH popular science publication is in Table 9 according to the data:
In consequence, the main evaluation indexes that influence the communication identification of ICH popular science publication are as follow: from whom the audience knows this channel; acquiring knowledge; integrating into relevant situation of skills and knowledge.
3.2. Evaluation Model of Communication Identification of ICH Popular Science Publication Based on Entropy Method
According to index system of communication identification of ICH popular science publication, a questionnaire survey has been conducted. In the survey, audiences are asked to rate indexes. The specific steps are as follow. First, questionnaires were handed out to the audience. Then, audiences were asked to rate three-grade indexes on a 0 - 100 scale. In order to make a convenient comparison, each 5 scores is divided into a level, of which full mark is 100 and pass mark is 60. After collecting questionnaire data, it is evaluated by entropy method according to index system of communication identification of ICH popular science publication. From September 22 to 24 in 2016, the survey was conducted among 300 audiences who were selected from the fourth China ICH Fair in Jinan when they were reading or buying ICH popular science books. 210 valid questionnaires
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Table 6. Analysis table of survey data (5).
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Table 7. Analysis table of survey data (6).
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Table 8. Analysis table of survey data (7).
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Table 9. Level order of ICH popular science publication.
a. Numbers in this table reserve three decimal fractions.
were collected. Then the collected data was analyzed using entropy method (Table 10).
According to Table 10, the main evaluation indexes that influence the communication identification of ICH popular science publication are as follow: from whom the audience knows this channel; acquiring knowledge; integrating into relevant situation of skills and knowledge.
3.3. Calculation of Index Factor Weight
On the basis of the text above, the calculation formula of communication identi-
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Table 10. Entropy weight order of communication identification of ICH popular science publication.
Numbers in this table reserve three decimal fractions.
fication of ICH popular science publication score is [5] : ωt = ωAHP + (1 − α) ωe, where 0 ≤ α ≤ 1, ωAHP is score product of weight from AHP and score from experts, α is proportional coefficient between AHP and entropy method. Combining experts and audiences’ opinion, α is set as 0.5.
In summary, Table 11 shows that getting the highest score, from whom the audience knows this channel, acquiring knowledge, integrating into relevant situation of skills and knowledge, these three indexes have significant influence on the communication identification of ICH popular science publication.
4. Results
4.1. Use
In the communication identification process of ICH popular science publication, audience pays a lot of attention in whether its forms agree with their own needs and interests. From using factors, audience can acquire intuitive impression of various experiences. So using factors have important influence on the communication identification process of ICH popular science publication.
4.1.1. Using Habits
ICH popular science publication builds experience environment and provides audience feedbacks, which not only helps audience obtain knowledge, but also generates audiences’ interests based on their own using habits, and inspires their motivation and impulsion of acquiring knowledge. Therefore, audiences’ using habits are important. Different using habits will affect audiences’ identification to a great degree in the communication identification process of ICH popular science publication.
4.1.2. Using Behavior
As for using behavior, audience can make a combination between new media
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Table 11. Total score of third-indexes of communication identification of ICH popular science publication.
Numbers in this table reserve three decimal fractions.
and themselves by other people. They can master experience from others’ knowledge, which leads to the spiral growth of identification. From the data in the model, we know that using behavior of audience also affect audiences’ identification to a great extent.
4.2. Identification
Because of easy-to-understand advantages, ICH popular science publication attracts a lot of audience’s attention and obtains their identification. The combination of satisfaction degree and dependence degree constitute second-level indexes. In the communication identification of ICH popular science publication, identification affects it in deep degree.
4.2.1. Satisfaction Degree
ICH popular science publication is different from other publication in that the former one spread knowledge and culture connotation, which is the invisible product. So satisfaction degree of audiences is especially important. As for using behavior, audience can make a combination between new media and themselves by other people. They can master experience from others’ knowledge, which leads to the spiral growth of identification. Therefore, satisfaction degree can improve audiences’ identification. It has great influence on the communication identification of ICH popular science publication.
4.2.2. Dependence Degree
By giving audience dependence, ICH popular science publication constructs positive emotion experience, where audience experiences this kind of dependence in the media communication path. Among all the factors in the communication identification of ICH popular science publication, audiences’ emotional experience is the most prominent. When keeping in touch and interacting with publication, audience will generate strong dependence emotional experience consciously or unconsciously. When communication carrier is similar or same, the audience leans to choose the products which can make them feel good and maintain lasting loyalty. In this way they have great impression about the communication knowledge and even form a preference for this media. Hence, if the communication of ICH popular science publication increases their dependence, the identification will also increase a lot.
5. Conclusion
In this article, the evaluation model of communication identification of ICH popular science publication is built on the basis of AHP and entropy method. According to data analysis from questionnaire, experts’ opinion from interviews and field research, the weight of three levels’ indexes is decided in the model. In conclusion, the factors at all the levels of use and identification affect audience identification in the evaluation model of communication identification of ICH popular science publication. Among these factors, audience from whom to know this channel, acquiring knowledge and integrating into relevant situation of skills and knowledge, these three indicators have the most significant influence on the communication identification of ICH popular science publication.