Hyper-Excitability Followed by Functional Quiescence in Neuronal Cells Caused by Insufficient Cellular Energy (ICE): Treatable by Enhancing the Alternative Cellular Energy (ACE) Pathway ()
1. Introduction
It is widely assumed that work performed by living organisms is fueled entirely, either directly or indirectly, from the energy in sunlight via photosynthesis [1] . Specifically, it is known that chlorophyll in plants and in certain bacteria utilizes sunlight to partition hydrogen ions (protons) across lipid membranes [2] . The lipid membranes contain portals allowing for the electrostatic and chemiosmotic induced return of the protons through the membrane. ATP synthase enzymes are located within these portals [3] . The proton motive force enables the ATP synthase enzymes to add a third phosphate from the phosphoryl (PO3) molecule to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) [4] . This creates the high-energy molecule, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) [5] . Essentially, the chlorophyll absorbed electromagnetic energy from sunlight is initially converted to the potential electrical energy of separated charges and this energy is subsequently converted to chemical energy [6] . The reconversion of photosynthetically-derived ATP back to ADP provides the rubisco enzymes in plants with chemical energy to link carbon dioxide with water to form glucose and to release oxygen [7] . The linking of carbon dioxide to water is reversible using a different set of enzymes in an oxygen requiring process called oxidative phosphorylation [8] . The oxidation of glucose in plants, as well as animals, occurs in the cells’ mitochondria [9] and yields ATP from ADP for numerous cellular activities [10] . These activities include the synthesis of other types of organic molecules, including the many structural and functional components of organisms. The reconversion of ATP to ADP also supplies energy for the activities of most functional molecules. Replenishing ATP from ADP is achieved through the biochemical conversion into smaller chemical units (metabolism) of organic molecules consumed as food [11] . The metabolism of food also provides heat in warm blooded animals and humans. Daily energy consumption in an average sized human is equivalent to approximately two thousand kilocalories (2000 kcal), also expressed as 2000 Calories [12] .
2. Additional Cellular Energy beyond the Metabolism of Food
Upon closer examination, the above explanation does not fully account for the work performed by humans. For example, most humans maintain a body temperature greater than 20˚C above the average temperature of the environment. The body temperature returns to that of the environment well within 24 hours of death. A Calorie (kcal) is required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram (Kg) of water by 1˚C [13] . Slightly less heat is required to raise the temperature of solid bodily tissues. Discarding the minor variable that the body is not entirely composed of water, a 75 Kg individual effectively requires 20 × 75 or 1500 Calories daily to simply maintain the body at 20˚C above that of the environment. The remaining 500 Calories from a typical 2000 Calorie diet is clearly insufficient to account for the extensive daily work performed by muscles, including the heart; brain; intestines; liver; kidney; and other body organs.
Another difficulty with the assumption that photosynthesis is the evolutionary source of all cellular energy is the energy requirement to originally synthesize chlorophyll, ATP synthase, lipids, etc. A fundamental requirement for life is establishing membranes that allow the separation of electrical charges. Lipids can create a barrier to the passage of water soluble electrolytes; as can membranes composed of simple terpenes. The formation of hydrophobic membranes, which encapsulate molecules with overall negative charges would lead to an electrical charge differential with the electrically neutral outside environment. Separated electrical charges have potential energy, which is directly related to the level of the opposing charges and the distance between the charges [14] . As separated charges move closer to one another, the decreasing potential electrical energy can be converted into other energy forms. Therefore, having regulated openings or passageways in the membrane can theoretically account for the conversion of potential electrical energy into chemical energy. It is essentially the same process by which photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation supposedly generate chemical energy. Indeed, some chemists explain all chemical reactions as being solely driven by an overall reduction in the potential electrical energies of the reacting molecules.
3. Possible Involvement of KELEA in Conversion of Electrical to Chemical Energy
A premise of the KELEA hypothesis is that separated electrical charges attract KELEA, which is partially released as the electrical charges approach one another [15] - [22] . The presumed release of KELEA is in addition to the energy resulting from the generally understood reduction of potential electrical energy of approaching electrical charges. Oscillating electrical charges are viewed as a net source of additional energy into living organisms, with only some of the energy necessarily being converted to chemical energy. The enzyme rubisco is relatively inefficient in chemically combining carbon dioxide with water in photosynthesis [23] . Yet it can be shown to function in an oscillatory manner [24] [25] [26] . It is intriguing to consider that rubisco and quite possibly other oscillatory enzymes are partially functioning in the delivery of KELEA to plants.
A more defined postulate is that the depolarization process of electrically active neuronal and neurosensory cells is a major source of KELEA for cellular energy [27] [28] [29] . Repetitive depolarization could lead to an increased availability of KELEA, which is transferable to intracellular water, thereby, improving the dynamic activity of the water. Specifically, the heightened KELEA would facilitate energy requiring, intracellular chemical reactions. These reactions could further augment the supply of KELEA by re-establishing cross-membrane electrical gradients through the selective transport of electrolytes across the cell membrane. In other words, it is proposed that the fluctuating electrical activity of the brain and muscles, including the heart, can act as a positive feedback antenna to usefully capture KELEA from the environment [27] [28] [29] .
4. Hyper- and Hypo-Excitability of Neuronal Cells as Responses to ICE
As explained above, hyper-excitability of neuronal and/or neurosensory cells could reasonably be a compensatory reaction to ICE [27] [28] [29] . This is consistent with illnesses such as pain syndromes with lower pain threshold, paresthesia, photophobia, epilepsy and various other common hyperactive neurological symptoms. Unlike unicellular organisms, repetitive depolarization of neuronal cells in complex systems such as the brain can impose a potential drain on the available energy. This can occur due to the resulting downstream synthesis and release of neurotransmitters and to the need for added synthesis of electrolyte transport channels [29] . Continued ICE is likely, therefore, to eventually lead to a cessation of the specialized functioning of the neuronal and/or neurosensory cells. Essentially, the cells would become functionally quiescent, at least for some time prior to ultimate cell death. This is not to argue that neuronal cell death and brain atrophy are not ultimate features of neurodegenerative disease [30] . Rather, it is proposed that neurodegeneration may be preceded by a prolonged period of functional quiescence of neuronal cells.
5. ACE Pigments and KELEA Activation of Water
The major distinction between functional neuronal quiescence and neurodegeneration is that the former is potentially reversible with additional cellular energy. A possible source of added energy is more efficient metabolism of food. Impaired metabolism of food can arise from deficiencies of specific dietary nutrients, restricted delivery of oxygen, intake or continuing presence of toxins, and various genetic disorders. Increasing or adjusting food intake is, however, of little or no clinical benefit in most patients. The more intriguing possibility is clinical recovery from efforts to enhance the ACE pathway [15] - [22] . Indeed, there are indications of the body’s own efforts to increase its uptake of KELEA. This is seen, for example, in the formation of KELEA attracting materials, termed ACE pigments. These materials were initially described as self-assembled particles and fibers that suppress the cytopathic effect of cultured stealth adapted viruses [31] [32] . ACE pigments form intracellularly as inclusions, but are then excreted into the extracellular fluid. Chemical and other analyses indicate that the particles comprise a wide range of both aliphatic and aromatic complex hydrocarbons, along with other organic molecules. They are commonly complexed with minerals, which vary widely between different particles. There is an abundant production of lipids, including membranes within the tissue culture medium [31] [32] .
A remarkable feature of the recovered virus infected cells is the marked disruption of the cells’ mitochondria [33] [34] . This suggested that the particles were substituting as an energy source for the cells. Indeed, ACE pigments have energy transducing properties, including being electrostatic, fluorescent and occasionally ferromagnetic. Fluorescence occurs under both ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. The UV fluorescence can be greatly enhanced with certain dyes, including neutral red and acridine orange. ACE pigment particles and fibers also form in the tissues of stealth adapted virus infected patients [33] [34] [35] . Their presence is a defining feature of an illness referred to as Morgellon’s disease [36] . ACE pigments also form in response to conventional virus infections, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), herpes zoster virus (HZV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Moreover, UV light illumination of neutral red dye stained herpes virus induced skin lesions is a readily available means of expediting healing of the lesions [37] [38] [39] .
Creating a heightened KELEA energy field able to activate the ACE pathway may explain the therapeutic effect of several types of medical devices, which employ rapid on-and-off electrical switching. Historical examples include the beam ray of Royal Raymond Rife, the multi-wave oscillator of Georges Lakhovsky, the papimi machine of Panos Pappas, and electro-acupuncture. [Reviewed in 15]. Modern day versions of these various devices have been shown to lower the surface tension and increase the volatility of water that is placed within the heightened KELEA field created by the devices. Energy oscillations can also be created using flashing lights with converging light waves [40] and by bifilar electrical coils conducting bidirectional direct current [41] . Water activation can also be achieved by electrolysis in the production of Brown’s gas, which includes a form of non-thermal vaporized water molecules [15] .
ACE pigments were identified as being dipolar based on their being electrostatic and prone to self-assembly. As expected, they can readily activate water. So too can many other dipolar compounds when added to water. Examples include humic/fulvic acids, zeolites, mineral oxides, herbal materials, etc., [15] - [22] . When chemicals are used, they can be removed by decanting, filtration or repeated dilutions, as in homeopathy. The activated water can be either parenterally administered or consumed as drinking water. KELEA releasing activated fluids can also be therapeutically effective if simply placed in proximity to the patients. Neutral red dye can be added to the fluid and the solution illuminated with UV light. This latter approach has been successfully used in treating children with autism [42] and is effective even if the body is shielded from the fluorescence by a black plastic barrier.
6. Brain and Muscle Activities in Support of the ACE Pathway
It is widely believed that humor, joy, optimism and serenity improve overall health, while stress is detrimental to health. Certain practices have been codified into major movements including religions, Ayurveda practices, Qigong, Reiki, meditation, yoga, etc., [43] [44] . Prior explanations for these effects have included i) possible induced alterations in levels of neurohormones, such as dopamine and endorphins; ii) differing brain wave oscillatory patterns, with preference given to high frequency gamma waves as detected on the electroencephalogram (EEG) and; iii) dominance of the parasympathetic over the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. A more reasonable explanation is that the various beneficial practices are improving the antenna function of the brain in attracting KELEA from the environment. So too might physical exercise with the fluctuating electrical activity of contracting muscles [45] and possibly stressed bone [46] . KELEA can radiate from activated water and it is quite possible that certain spiritual healers can help instill KELEA into those with whom they come into contact.
7. Conclusion
The alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway is defined as a dynamic (kinetic) quality of the body fluids resulting from the attraction of an external force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). The ACE pathway is a major source of cellular energy for living organisms, in addition to the cellular energy derived from food metabolism. KELEA is attracted to separated electrical charges and can be partially released as the charges approach one another. This can occur with certain oscillating dipolar molecules and may also accompany certain chemical reactions. It is further proposed that the attraction and release of KELEA occurs during the depolarization of the cell membrane potential of neuronal and neurosensory cells. This can be a source of cellular energy for the neuronal and neurosensory cells as well as for the entire body. An insufficiency of cellular energy (ICE) can lead to an initial hyper-excitability of neuronal and neurosensory cells, followed by functional quiescence or loss of the specialized cellular functions, without necessarily resulting in cell death (neurodegeneration). Neuronal quiescence is potentially reversible using procedures able to enhance the ACE pathway. Moreover, restoration of KELEA attracting capacity of neuronal and neurosensory cells may lead to a sustainable functional recovery of the cells. Clinical validation of the neuronal quiescence hypothesis is provided by anecdotal reports of restored neurological functions in patients receiving Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies. The stage is now set for major controlled clinical studies. A promising approach is to compare the clinical outcomes in neurological impaired patients consuming either regular or KELEA activated drinking water. Clinicians and leaders of patient support groups are encouraged to participate in these studies.
Acknowledgements
The Institute of Progressive Medicine is a component of MI Hope Inc., a non-profit public charity. Valuable clinical input and insights have been received from various Complementary and Alternative Medicine practitioners.
Conflict of Interest
None.
Abbreviations
ACE: alternative cellular energy, ICE: insufficiency of cellular energy, KELEA: kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction, CAM: complementary and alternative medicine, ATP: adenosine triphosphate, ADP: adenosine diphosphate, kcal: kilocalories, Kg: kilogram
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