Cross Layer Design for Cooperative Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks

Kanojia Sindhuben Babulal, Rajiv Ranjan Tewari
DOI: 10.4236/wsn.2011.36024                

Abstract

Several protocols and schemes have been proposed to reduce energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Net-works (WSNs). In this paper we employ farcoopt, a cross layer design approach with the concept of coop-eration among the nodes with best farthest neighbor scheme to increase the Quality of Service (QoS), reduce energy consumption, increases performance and end-to-end throughput. We present cooperative transmission to connect previously disconnect parts of a network thus overcoming the separation problem of multi-hop network. We show that this approach improves connectivity over 50% compared to multi-hop approaches and reduces the number of nodes necessary to provide full coverage of an area up to 35%. Simulation results show that on increase of data rates i.e. packet the network life time increases in farcoopt as compared to tra-ditional multi hop approach. The result of this analysis is presented in this work.

Keywords

Cooperative Network, Cross Layer Design, Wireless Sensor Networks, Energy Saving, Communication Protocol, Routing

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	K. Lahiri, A. Ragunathan, S. Dey and D. Panigrahi, “Battery-Driven System Design: A New Frontier in Low Power Design,” VLSI Design, 2002, pp. 261-267.
[2]	V. Kawadia and P. R. Kumar, “A Cautionary Perspective on Cross Layer Design,” IEEE Wireless Communications, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2005, pp. 3-11. doi:10.1109/MWC.2005.1404568
[3]	V. Srivastava and M. Motawani, “Cross Layer Design: A Survey and the Road Ahead,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 43, No. 12, 2006, pp. 112-119. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2005.1561928
[4]	S. Singh and C. S. Raghavendra, “PAMAS: Power Aware Multi-Access Protocol with Signaling for Ad Hoc Net-works,” ACM Computer Communication review, Vol. 28, No. 3, 1998, pp.5-26. doi:10.1145/293927.293928
[5]	W. Ye, J. Heidermann and D. Estrin, “An energy Effi-cient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of IEEE Infocom, USC/Information Sciences Institute, New York, June 2002, pp. 1567-1576. http://www.isi.edu/johnh/PAPERS/Ye02a.html.
[6]	W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, “Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks,” Proceedings of the Hawaii In-ternational Conference on System Sciences, Washington DC, January 2000, pp. 4-7. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2000.926982
[7]	D. B. Johnson, D. A. Maltz, Y.-C. Hu and J. G. Jetchev, ‘The Synamic Source for Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Net-works,” Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Draft, 2000. http://www.ietf.org/internetdrifts/draft-ietd-manet-adsr-06.txt
[8]	C. E. Perkins and E. M. Royer, “Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing,” Internet Engineering Task Force Internet draft, 2003. http://www.ietf.org/internetdrifts/draft-ietf-manet-aodv-13.txt
[9]	R. Gunesekaran and H. Qi, “XLRP: Cross Layer Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network,” IEEE Communi-cation Society, 2008, pp.2135-2140.
[10]	N. Chilamkurti, S. Zeadally, A. Vasilakos, et al., “Cross Layer Support for Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Journal of Sensors, 2009.
[11]	Y. B. Bai, S. J. Liu, et al., “An Energy Optimization Proto-col Based on Cross Layer for Wireless Sensor Networks,” Journal of Communication, Vol. 3, No. 6, 2008, pp. 27-34.
[12]	S. Ni, Y. Tseng, Y. Chen and J. Sheu, “The Broadcast Storm Problem in Mobile Ad Hoc Network,” Wireless Network, Vol. 8, No. 2-3, 2002, pp. 153-167.
[13]	P. Skraba, H. K. Aghajan and A. Bahai, “Cross Layer Optimization for High Density Sensor Network: Distrib-uted Passive Routing Decisions, Ad Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks,” Third International Conference, ADHOC-NOW, Berlin Heidelberg, July 2004.
[14]	T. Aguilar, et al., “A Cross Layer Design Based on Geo-graphic Information for Cooperative Wireless Networks,” The IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference, Tai-wan, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[15]	A. Scaglione and Y. W. Hong, “Opportunistic Large Ar-rays: Cooperative Transmission in Wireless Multi Hop Ad Hoc to Reach Far Distances,” IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing, Vol. 51, No. 8, 2003, Page 2082-2092. doi:10.1109/TSP.2003.814519
[16]	B. Sirkeci-Mergen and A. scaglione, “Coverage Analysis of Cooperative Broadcast in Wireless Networks,” Pro-ceedings of the Fifth IEEE Workshop on Signal Process-ing Advances in Wireless Communications, Lisbon, 11-14 July 2004, Page 16-20.
[17]	K. Sindhuben and R. R. Tewari, “Cross Layer Energy Efficient Routing (XLE2R) for Prolonging Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceeding of IEEE— ICCCT, 2010, Page 167-177. www.ieeexplore.org
[18]	K. Sindhuben and R. R. Tewari, “Cross Layer Energy Effi-cient Routing (XLE2R) for Prolonging Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceeding of IEEE—International Conference on Computer and Communication Technol-ogy (ICCCT), Allahabad, 2010. www.ieeexplore.org
[19]	K. Sindhuben and R. R. Tewari, “Routing Algorithm: An Energy Efficient Sleep/Awake Cross Layer for Wireless Sensor Networks,” Advances in Wireless and Mobile Communications, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2010, pp. 139-146. http://www.ripublication.com/awmcv3n2.htm
[20]	K. Sindhuben Babulal, T. R. Ranjan, “Cross Layer Route Discovery Using Farthest Intermediate Link Distance Re-liability Cost Based for MANETS,” National Academy of Science Letters, Vol. 34, No.5&6, May-June 2011.
[21]	K. Albert, B. Michael, D. Christian and R. Till, “Increas-ing Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Network Using Co-operative Transmission,” The 3rd International Confer-ence on Networked Sensing Systems, Chicago, 31 May-2 June 2006.