Predicting Depression among Jordanian Patients Diagnosed with Physical Illnesses

Abstract

Depression is associated with increased medical morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic medical illnesses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial predictors of depression among patients diagnosed with chronic illnesses in Jordan. A cross sectional survey using 806 patients diagnosed with chronic illnesses has been used to collect data in regards to depressive symptoms, psychological distress, coping, optimism, life satisfaction, and perceived social support. 27.5% of the patients reported that they had moderate to severe depressive symptoms, and about 31% of them had mild level of depression. Psychological distress, perceived social support from family, life satisfaction and optimism were significant predictors of depressive symptoms (R2 = .29; F 11, 803 = 29.7, p < .001). Male and female patients were significantly different in their depressive scores (t = -2.57, p = .01). Implication for clinical practice and research are discussed.

Share and Cite:

Hamdan-Mansour, A. , Ghannam, B. , Abeiat, D. , Badawi, T. , Thultheen, I. & Shamali, I. (2014). Predicting Depression among Jordanian Patients Diagnosed with Physical Illnesses. Psychology, 5, 2120-2130. doi: 10.4236/psych.2014.519214.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Beck, G., Steer, R., & Brown, G. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
[2] Brislin, R. W. (1970) Back Translation for the Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross Cultural Research, 1, 185-216.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
[3] Carver, C. S. (1990). You Want to Measure Coping but Your Protocol’s Too Long: Consider the Brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 92-100.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
[4] Chapman, D. W., & Carter, J. F. (1979). Translation Procedures for Cross Cultural Use of Measurement Instrument. Education Evaluation and Public Analysis, 1, 71-76.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737001003071
[5] Chen, P. Y., & Chang, H. C. (2012). The Coping Process of Patients with Cancer. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 16, 10-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2011.01.002
[6] Cohen, S., Underwood, L. G., & Gottlieb, B. H. (2000). Social Relationships and Health. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social Support Measurement and Intervention: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists, New York: Oxford University Press.
[7] De Groot, M., Anderson, R., Freedland, K. E., Clouse, R. E., & Lustman, P. J. (2001). Association of Depression and Diabetes Complications: A Meta-Analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 619-630.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200107000-00015
[8] Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
[9] Di Marcoa, F., Vergaa, M., Reggentea, M., Casanovaa, F. M., Santusa, P., Blasib, F., Allegrab, L., & Centannia, S. (2006). Anxiety and Depression in COPD Patients: The Roles of Gender and Disease Severity. Respiratory Medicine, 100, 1767-1774.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.01.026
[10] Doumit, J., & Nasser, R. (2010). Quality of Life and Wellbeing of the Elderly in Lebanese Nursing Homes. International Journal of Health Care, 23, 72-93.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09526861011010695
[11] Frasure-Smith, N., & Lespérance, F. (2006). Recent Evidence Linking Coronary Heart Disease and Depression. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 730-737.
[12] Freedland, K. E., Rich, M. W., Skala, J. A., Carney, R. M., Dávila-Román, V. G., & Jaffe, A. S. (2003). Prevalence of Depression in Hospitalized Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 119-128.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000038938.67401.85
[13] Gottlieb, S., Khatta, M., Friedmann, E., Einbinder, L., Katzen, S., Baker, B. et al. (2004). The Influence of Age, Gender, and Race on the Prevalence of Depression in Heart Failure Patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43, 1542-1549.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.064
[14] Hamdan-Mansour, A., Constantino, R., Shishani, K., Safadi, R., & Banimustafa, R. (2012). Evaluating the Psychological and Mental Consequences of Abuse among Abused Jordanian Women. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 18, 205-212.
[15] Hamdan-Mansour, A. (2010). Predictors of Hostility among University Students in Jordan. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 24, 125-130.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2009.00695.x
[16] Hamdan-Mansour, A., Halabi, J., & Dawani, H. (2009). Depression, Hostility, and Substance Use among University Students in Jordan. Mental Health and Substance Use: Dual Diagnosis, 2, 52-63.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17523280802593301
[17] Honyashiki, M., Ferri, C. P., Acosta, D., Guerra, M., Huang, Y. et al. (2011). Chronic Diseases among Older People and Co-Resident Psychological Morbidity: A 10/66 Dementia Research Group Population-Based Survey. International Psychogeriatrics, 23, 1489-1501.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1041610211000500
[18] Hotopf, M., Chidgey, J., Addington-Hall, J., & Ly, K. L. (2002). Depression in Advanced Disease: A Systematic Review, Part 1. Prevalence and Case Finding. Palliative Medicine, 16, 81-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/02169216302pm507oa
[19] Katon, W. (2003). Clinical and Health Services Relationships between Major Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and General Medical Illness. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 216-226.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00273-7
[20] Katon, W., Lin, E. H., & Kroenke, K. (2007). The Association of Depression and Anxiety with Medical Symptom Burden in Patients with Chronic Medical Illness. General Hospital Psychiatry, 29, 147-155.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2006.11.005
[21] Lemyre, L., Tessier, R., & Eillion, L. (1990). Mesure du stress psychotogique (MSP): Manuel d'utilisation [Psychological Stress Measure]. Brossard.
[22] Lewinsohn, P. M., Hoberman, H., Teri, L., & Hautzinger, M. (1985). An Integrative Theory of Depression. In S. Reiss, & R. R. Bootzin (Eds.), Theoretical Issues in Behavior Therapy (pp 331-359). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
[23] Lustman, P. J., Anderson, R. J., Freedland, K. E., de Groot, M., Carney, R. M., & Clouse, R. E. (2000). Depression and Poor Glycemic Control: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Literature. Diabetes Care, 23, 934-942.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.23.7.934
[24] Khalil, A., DarAwwad, M., Al-Gamal, E., Hamdan-Mansour, A., & Abed, M. A. (2012). Predictors of Dietary and Fluid Non-Adherence in Jordanian Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Receiving Haemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 127-136.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04117.x
[25] Mathers, C. D., & Loncar, D. (2005). Updated Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease 2002-2030: Data Sources, Methods and Results. Geneva: World Health Organization.
[26] MacDonald, B. H. (2005). Quality of Life in Cancer Care: Patients’ Experiences and Nurses’ Contribution. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 5, 32-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ejon.2000.0118
[27] Moussavi, S., Chatterji, S., Verdes, E., Tandon, A., Patel, A., & Ustun, B. (2007). Depression Chronic Diseases, and Decrements in Health: Results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet, 370, 851-858.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61415-9
[28] Sareen, J., Cox, B. J., Clara, I., & Asmundson, G. (2005). The Relationship between Anxiety Disorders and Physical Disorders in the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey. Depression & Anxiety, 21, 193-202.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20072
[29] Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing Optimism from Neuroticism (and Trait Anxiety, Self-Mastery, and Self-Esteem): A Reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063
[30] Sullivan, M., Simon, G., Spertus, J., & Russo, J. (2002). Depression-Related Costs in Heart Failure Care. JAMA Internal Medicine, 162, 1860-1866.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.162.16.1860
[31] Wang, P. S., Demler, O., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2006). Changing Profiles of Service Sectors Used for Mental Health Care in the United States. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1187-1198.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.163.7.1187
[32] WHO (World Health Organization) (2009). The Impact of Chronic Diseases Ion Jordan. Fact Sheet.
http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/en/
[33] Yach, D., Hawkes, C., Gould, C., & Hofman, K. (2004). The Global Burden of Chronic Diseases: Overcoming Impediments to Prevention and Control. Journal of the American Medical Association, 291, 2616-2622.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.21.2616
[34] Zhang, C. X., Chen, Y. M., & Chen, W. Q. (2008). Association of Psychosocial Factors with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 79, 523-530.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2007.10.014
[35] Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2

Copyright © 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.