Combined Effects of Blood Pressure and Aldosterone on Cardiac Left Ventricular Mass Index—Ethnic Differences between Kazakh, Uygur and Han Subjects

Masakatsu Ohta, Yuji Kasamaki, Yukio Ozawa, Atsushi Hirayama, Tomohiro Nakayama, Hiroshi Kawamura, Dilxat Himit, Masayoshi Soma, Yoichi Izumi

Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Himi Municipal Hospital, Himi, Japan.
Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Science and Research, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

DOI: 10.4236/wjcd.2014.43015                

Abstract

Previous Background: Hemodynamic factors, like blood pressure, have been established to be major determinants of cardiac left ventricular structure. However, several factors other than blood pressure to influence cardiac mass have been implicated. When we did medical survey, cardiac left ventricular mass index (LVMI) of one ethnic group that had higher blood pressure was found to be smaller than that of the other ethnic groups with a lower blood pressure. Such contradicted data from the present study were analyzed combining blood pressure, LVMI and chemical parameters obtained from blood and urine. Methods: In a medical survey conducted in Xinjiang, China, 279 people (65 - 70 years old) from three ethnic groups (Kazakh, Uygur and Han) from two separated regions provided blood and urine samples and underwent echocardiography and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure obtained from ABPM and urinary sodium excretion values were significantly higher in Kazakh than that in Uygur and Han. However, LVMI in Kazakh was lower than that in other 2 groups. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were significantly lowest in Kazakh. The values of LVMI in all ethnic groups were positively related to both blood pressure and PAC. An inverse correlation was identified between PAC and urinary sodium excretion value. Conclusion: Although higher blood pressure in Kazakh subjects, their LVMI was lower than those of Uygur and Han, whose blood pressure was lower than that in Kazakh. These results suggest that blood pressure is not always a determinant for LVMI value. There is a possibility that relatively lower PAC resulted from higher sodium intake suppressed the rise in LVMI caused by higher blood pressure in Kazakh.

Keywords

Left Ventricular Mass; Aldosterone; Blood Pressure; Salt Intake

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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