Metals Assessments in the Water Bodies of Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal

Narayan Prasad Ghimire, Bharat Babu Shrestha, Pramod Kumar Jha, Gianumberto Caravello

Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Department of Environment health and hygiene, Padova University, Padova, Italy.

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2014.62011                

Abstract

Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (SNP) of Nepal is a popular international eco-touristic destination. In the last few years, tourist flow has increased tremendously generating anthropogenic pressure on natural environment. Generation of huge solid waste, open defecation and poor septic tank condition of toilets have been considered as the major sources of pollution to water bodies in the area. Heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead, chromium and mercury, are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the atmosphere, soil and water, even in traces can cause serious problems to all organisms, and heavy metal bioaccumulation in the food chain especially can be highly dangerous to human health. Heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Mn, Fe and Zn) and metals (Na, Mg) were analyzed. Thirty nine (13 samples in each year) water samples were collected from river and springs to assess the water quality in the SNP and its buffer zone. Water quality in the SNP has been found degraded in terms of heavy metals; particularly Na and Mg contents were found higher when compared with the earlier report. Iron content in 46% samples was found more than WHO and Nepalese standard for drinking water. The river water quality in general still stands good in terms of standard for drinking water (WHO, Nepal standard) however degradation process has accelerated.

Keywords

Water Quality; Solid Waste; Tourism; Open Defecation; Anthropogenic Pressure; Poor Septic Tank

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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