A Hirshfeld Surface Analysis and Crystal Structure of 2’-[1-(2-Fluoro-Phenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-Yl]-4-Methoxy-Biphenyl-2-Carbaldehyde

S. Madan Kumar, B. C. Manjunath, G. S. Lingaraju, M. M. M. Abdoh, M. P. Sadashiva, N. K. Lokanath

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, An Najah National University, Nabtus West Bank, Palestinian Territories.
Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.
Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.

DOI: 10.4236/csta.2013.23017                

Abstract

The title compound, C₂₁H₁₅FN₄O₂ is synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, LC-MS and finally confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. This molecule crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and space group P21/c, with crystal parameters a = 9.4386(5) A, b = 20.8082(1) A, c = 9.4338(6) A, β = 99.566(2)⁰, Z = 4 and V = 1826.98(19) A³. The mean planes of fluro-phenyl moiety makes a dihedral angle of 21.51 (7)⁰ with biphenyl moiety. The molecules are connected by hydrogen bonds of the type C---H...O and C---H...F. In addition, crystal structure is stabilized with π … π (exhibits intramolecular interaction) and C---O... π interactions. The intercontacts in the crystal structure are analyzed using Hirshfeld surfaces computational method.

Keywords

Crystal Structure; Intermolecular Interactions; Hirshfeld Surfaces

1. Introduction

Tetrazoles and its derivatives are the most important in the field of medicinal chemistry and found wide spectrum of applications in coordination chemistry because of their multiple coordination status, acting as ligands to metal ions and for the construction of novel metal-organic frameworks [1-3]. And they exhibit biological activities like antibacterial [4,5], antifungal and anticonvulsant [6], analgesic [7], antitubercular activity [8] and anti-cancer activity [9]. Also, 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles used as anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive agents [10,11], such as Losartan [12,13]. Biphenyl tetrazoles have also demonstrated activities as stimulators of growth hormone release [14], metallo-protease inhibitors [15,16] and chloride channel blockers [17]. And, the 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole moiety has been used in the drug discovery as a bioisotere for the corboxylic acid group [18]. In addition, tetrazole compounds are used as new energetic materials because of their good thermal stability due to the presence of aromatic ring system (5-Azido-1H-tetrazole) [19]. Synthesizing the organic compounds in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is one of the powerful methods for aromatic C-C bond formation [20]. We report here, the synthesis, spectroscopic studies, structural studies by X-ray diffraction method and analysis of intercontacts by Hirshfeld surfaces computational method of 2’-[1-(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-4-methoxybiphenyl-2-carbaldehyde.

2. Experimental

All reagents were purchased as reagent grade and used without further purification. The reaction was monitored and determination of product was accomplished by TLC technique. The melting point was determined on SELACO-650 hot stage apparatus. Elemental analysis (C, H, N) were determined with Vario-EL instrument. ¹H NMR spectra were recorded on a bruker DRX 300 MHz spectrometer using DMSO-d6 as solvent and TMS as internal standard. Chemical shifts are given in δ (ppm).

3. Synthesis and Crystallization of the Title Compound

The title compound is obtained using the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (Figure 1) of the compound 1-(2-Flurophenyl)-1H-tetrazole (1mmol), 1), with 2-formyl-4-methoxy phenyl boronic acid (1 mmol) in presence of sodium carbonate (15 mmol) and palladium catalyst in a mixture of dimethyl ether (DME) and water in the ratio 3:1. Then the mixture was degasified by bubbling with nitrogen for 15 minutes. After degasify PdCl₂ (PPh₃)₂ [dikis] (0.05 mmol) was added. The resultant mixture was heated at 80˚C under nitrogen atmosphere for 5 hours. After completion of reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove DME. Then residue was dissolved with ethyl acetate (25 mL), washed with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (2 * 25 mL), followed by brine solution (2 * 25 mL). Then, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude 2’-[1-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-4-methoxy-biphenyl-2-carbaldehyde. 2), which was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (60 - 120 mesh) using Hexane: Ethyl acetate mixture in 8:2 ratios as eluent. The pure compound 2 was crystallized in ethyl acetate and hexane to obtain colorless single crystals.

4. Spectral Analysis

¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 9.90 (s, 1H), 7.57 - 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.35 - 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.14 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.69 - 6.60 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H) (Figure 2). Mass, calculated: 374.36 found: 375 (M⁺ + 1) Elemental analyses, calculated: C, 67.37; H, 4.04; F, 5.07; N, 14.97; O, 8.55. Found: C, 67.57; H, 4.28; F, 5.02; N, 14.773; O, 8.76 (Figure 3). Melting point (˚C): 103 - 105 (Uncorrected).

5. Crystal Structure Determination

A good single crystal of the title compound with dimension 0.30 × 0.35 × 0.35 mm was chosen for X-ray diffraction study. Data collection and cell refinement were carried out using Bruker Kappa ApexII CCD diffractometer [21] with MoKα radiation. The absorption correction was applied using multi-scan technique for data collection. The lattice parameters were determined by the least-squares methods on the basis of all reflections with F² > 2σ (F²). The structure was solved by the direct methods using SHELXS-97 [22,23]. All the non-hydrogen atoms were revealed in the Fourier map itself. Full-matrix least squares refinement using SHELXL-97 [22,23] with isotropic temperature factors for all the atoms was done. Refinement of non-hydrogen atoms with anisotropic parameters was started at this stage. The hydrogen atoms were placed at chemically acceptable positions and were allowed to ride on their parent atoms. About 165 parameters were refined with 3213 unique reflections which saturated the residuals to R1 = 0.0375 and wR2 = 0.1071. The details of the crystal data and refinement are given in table 1. Table 2 lists the hydrogen bonds. All the figures (ORTEP, packing and hydrogen bonding) were plotted using MERCURY [24]. Hirshfeld surface analyses were carried out and finger print plots were plotted using CRYSTALEXPLORER [25]. Electrostatic potentials were calculated using TONTO [26,27].

6. Results and Discussion

The dihedral angle between mean planes of fluoro-phenyl moiety and benzeze ring (C2/C3/C4/C5/C6/C7 attached with methoxy and carbaldehyde species) is 8.03(8)⁰. And, the mean planes of rings making dihedral angle with each other is as follows; the tetrazole ring (N1/N2/N3/N4/C15) makes 49.16(11)⁰ with benzene ring (C14/C13/C12/C11/C10/C9), 57.38(10)⁰ with fluro-phenyl moiety and 54.86(10)⁰, with phenyl moiety [(C2/ C3/C4/C5/C6/C7) attached with methoxy and carbaldehyde species]. Similarly, the benzene ring (C14/C13/ C12/C11/C10/C9) makes a dihedral angle of 64.67(10)⁰ with fluoro-phenyl moiety. Also, it makes an angle of 56.86(10)⁰ with phenyl moiety (C2/C3/C4/C5/C6/C7) attached with methoxy and carbaldehyde species. The overall geometry of the title compound is similar to 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-amine and {(E)-[1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl] iminomethyl} dimethylamine [28].

Figure 4 represents the ORTEP diagram of the title molecule. The molecules in the unit cell are connected by hydrogen bonds C10-H10...F1, C12-H12...O2 and C20- H20...O2 (Table 2). And, figure 5 shows the packing of the molecules are arranged in the fishing net pattern. The observed weak interactions p...p and C---O...p helps in crystal structure stabilization. The intramolecular p...p interactions exists between centroid (Cg4: C16/C17/C18/ C19/C20/C21) of fluoro-phenyl moiety and benzene ring (Cg2: C2/C3/C4/C5/C6/C7) with a distance 3.7806(10) Å [x, y, z] (Figure 6). And, inter molecular p…p exists between face to face (Cg4 and Cg4) interactions with a distance of 3.6875(11) Å [2 − x, −y, 1 − z]. In addition to this C---O...p (Cg4) interaction exists between carbaldehyde moiety (C8-O2) and Cg4 with a distance of 3.9551(15) Å [x, y, z].

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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