Reduction of Single Clusters in LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Yaye Mbekhe Sarr¹, Cheikh Sarr^1*, Bamba Gueye²

¹Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Thies, Thies, Senegal.
²Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Dakar (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal.

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1102251                

Abstract

Clustering in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is an efficient way to structure and organize the network. The cluster-head (CH) forms dominant set in the network which is responsible for the creation of clusters, maintenance of the topology and data aggregation. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is one of the most prominent hierarchical routing protocols used in Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN). Many protocols have been proposed in the literature to improve LEACH protocol. The cluster formation in LEACH is probabilistic, therefore there is heterogeneous size of cluster in the network and sometimes singleton, i.e. cluster with only one node could appear. These singletons directly send information to the base station (BS). Consequently they consume more energy due to the distance to the base station. This paper proposes a hierarchical routing protocol based on LEACH called LEACH-based SNCR that reduces singletons and balances the energy consumption between sensors. Simulations results show that LEACH-based SNCR increases the network lifetime compared to LEACH.

Keywords

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Cluster-Head, Cluster, Election, Energy Saving, Performance

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Akyildiz, I.F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y. and Cayirci, E. (2002) Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. Computer Networks, 38, 393-422.
[2]	Heinzelman, W.R., Chandrakasan, A. and Balakrishnan, H. (2000) Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Vol. 2, 10.
[3]	Lindsey, S. and Raghavendra, C.S. (2002) PEGASIS: Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems. Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 3, 3-1125-3-1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2002.1035242
[4]	Manjeshwar, A. and Agrawal, D.P. (2001) TEEN: A Routing Protocol for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, San Francisco, 23-27 April 2001, 189.
[5]	Frey, H., Rührup, S. and Stojmenović, I. (2009) Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Misra, S.C., Woungang, I. and Misra, S., Eds., Guide to Wireless Sensor Networks, Springer, London, 81-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-218-4_4
[6]	Singh, S.K., Singh, M.P. and Singh, D.K. (2010) A Survey of Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Advanced Networking and Application (IJANA), 2, 570-580.
[7]	Heinzelman, W.B., Chandrakasan, A.P. and Balakrishnan, H. (2002) An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 1, 660-670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2002.804190
[8]	Ahlawat, A. and Malik, V. (2013) An Extended Vice-Cluster Selection Approach to Improve V LEACH Protocol in WSN. 2013 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies (ACCT), Rohtak, 6-7 April 2013, 236-240.
[9]	Li, Y.-Z., Zhang, A.-L. and Liang, Y.-Z. (2013) Improvement of LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. 2013 3rd International on Conference Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC), 21-23 September 2013, 323-326.
[10]	Mhatre, V. and Rosenberg, C. (2004) Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous Clustered Sensor Networks: A Comparative Study. 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Vol. 6, 3646-3651.
[11]	Diallo, C., Marot, M. and Becker, M. (2010) Single-Node Cluster Reduction in WSN and Energy-Efficiency during Cluster Formation. 9th IFIP Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net), Juan Les Pins, 23-25 June 2010, 1-10.
[12]	Ducrocq, T., Mitton, N. and Hauspie, M. (2013). Energybased clustering for wireless sensor network lifetime optimization. 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Shanghai, 7-10 April 2013, 968-973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2013.6554695