Contemporary Trends in Novel Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System: An Overview

Safila Naveed^1*, Sidra Farooq², Syeda Sarah Abbas^1,2, Syed Hameez Jawed², Fatima Qamar¹, Mirza Yasir Hussain², Iqra Ali³

¹Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan.
²Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
³Dow College of Pharmacy, Karachi, Pakistan.

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1101497                

Abstract

One of the most challenging tasks faced by the pharmaceutical researchers is the ophthalmic drug delivery. Their aim is to obtain and maintain a therapeutic level at the site of action for prolonged period of time. Therefore, to sustain drug levels at the target site for a sufficient time, novel drug delivery techniques should be developed. Ophthalmic drug delivery has proved significant advancement for future point of view. This article evaluates a variety of novel systems for ophthalmic drug delivery.

Keywords

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery, Novel Drug Delivery Techniques, Pharmaceutical Researchers, Therapeutic Level

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Rajasekaran, A., Sivakumar, V., Karthika, K., Preetha, J.P. and Anirami, T. (2010) Design and Evaluation of Polymeric Controlled Release Natamycin Ocular Inserts. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 6, 108-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v6i1.3318
[2]	Sabitha, K., Sajeeth, C.I. and Santhi, K. (2012) Chitosan Nanoparticles: A Novel Vehicle for the Enhanced Ocular Delivery of Moxifloxacin HCl. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 3, 534-548.
[3]	Patel, H.A., Patel, J.K., Patel, K.N. and Patel, R.R. (2010) Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System: A Review. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2, 100-115.
[4]	Babizahayev, M.A. (2009) Current Ocular Drug Delivery Challenges For N-Acetylcarnosine: Novel Patented Routes and Modes Of Delivery, Design for Enhancement of Therapeutic Activity and Drug Delivery Relationships. Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation, 3, 229-265. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187221109789105621
[5]	Singh, V., Ahmad, R. and Heming, T. (2011) The Challenges of Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: A Review. International Journal of Drug Discovery, 3, 56-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9735/0975-4423.3.1.56-62
[6]	Sampath Kumar, K.P., Bhowmik, D., Harish, G., Duraivel, S. and Pragathi Kumar, B. (2012) Ocular Inserts: A Novel Controlled Drug Delivery System. The Pharma Innovation-Journal, 1, 1-16.
[7]	Gupta, D. (2011) Review on Ocular Drug Delivery. Dehradun Institute of Technology, Dehradun.
[8]	Rajasekaran, A., Arul Kumaran, K.S.G., Karthika, K. and Padma Preetha, J. (2010) A Comparative Review on Conventional and Advanced Ocular Drug Delivery Formulations. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2, 668-674.
[9]	Li, X.M., Cui, Y.D., Lloyd, A.W., Mikhalovsky, S.V., Sandeman, S.R., Howel, C.A. and Liao, L.W. (2008) Polymeric Hydrogels for Novel Contact Lens Based Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System: A Review. Contact Lens & Anterior Eye, 31, 57-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2007.09.002
[10]	Weiner, A.L. and Gilger, B.C. (2010) Advancements in Ocular Drug Delivery. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 13, 395-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00835.x
[11]	Thakur, R.R. and Kashiv, M. (2011) Modern Delivery System for Ocular Drug Formulations: A Comparative Overview W.R.T. Conventional Dosage Forms—Review Paper. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2, 8-18.
[12]	Bisht, R. and Durgapal, S. (2011) Potential Advantages of Novel Intracorneal Drug Delivery System in Management of Fungal Keratitis—An Overview. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3, 12-17.
[13]	Giudice, G.L. and Galan, A. (2012) Basic Research and Clinical Application of Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. In: Ying, G.-S., Ed., Age Related Macular Degeneration—The Recent Advances in Basic Research and Clinical Care, InTech, Croatia, 99-120.
[14]	Kalyanwat, R., Gupta, S., Songara, R.K. and Lokwani, P. (2011) Ocular Inserts: An Overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 3, 141-148.
[15]	Mohammad Zaki, A.J., Patil, S.K., Baviskar, D.T. and Jain, D.K. (2012) Implantable Drug Delivery System: A Review. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 4, 280-292.
[16]	Yasukawa, T., Tabata, Y., Kimura, H. and Ogura, Y. (2011) Recent Advances in Intraocular Drug Delivery Systems. Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation, 5, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187221111794109529
[17]	Malaekeh-Nilouei, B., Vahabzadeh, S.A. and Mohajeri, S.A. (2013) Preparation of a Molecularly Imprinted Soft Contact Lens as a New Ocular Drug Delivery System for Dorzolamide. Current Drug Delivery, 10, 279-285.
[18]	Peng, C.C., Ben Shlomo, A., Mackay, E.O., Plummer, C.E. and Chauhan, A. (2012) Drug Delivery by Contact Lenses in Spontaneously Glaucomatous Dogs. Current Eye Research, 37, 204-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2011.630154
[19]	Sindhumol, P.G. and Mohanachandran, P.S. (2011) Formulation and Evaluation of Sodium Cromoglycate Ophthalmic Inserts. International Journal of Drug Formulation & Research, 2, 255-267.
[20]	Gupta, S. and Gilhotra, R.M. (2011) Enhancement of Antiglaucoma Potential by Novel Ocular Drug Delivery System. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3, 55-58.
[21]	Shanmugam, S., Ramvignesh, T.R., Sundaramoorthy, K., Agyappan, T. and Vetrichelvan, T. (2011) Design and Evaluation of Novel Ophthalmic Delivery System of Acyclovir for Herpes Simplex Infection. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2, 802-814.
[22]	Molokhia, S.A., Sant, H., Simonis, J., Bishop, C.J., Burr, R.M., Gale, B.K. and Ambati, B.K. (2010) The Capsule Drug Device: Novel Approach for Drug Delivery to the Eye. Vision Research, 50, 680-685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2009.10.013
[23]	Ramkanth, S., Chetty, C.M., Alagusundaram, M., Angalaparameswari, S., Thiruvengadarajan, V.S. and Gnanaprakash, K. (2009) Design and Evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium Ocusert. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 1, 1219-1223.
[24]	Kumar, A., Malviya, R. and Sharma, P.K. (2011) Recent Trends in Ocular Drug Delivery: A Short Review. European Journal of Scientific Research, 3, 86-92.
[25]	Tiwari, A. and Shukla, R.K. (2010) Novel Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2, 348-355.
[26]	Mythri, G., Kavitha, K., Kumar, M.R. and Singh, S.J. (2011) Novel Mucoadhesive Polymer: A Review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 1, 37-42.
[27]	Talegaonkar, S., Azeem, A., Ahmad, F.J., Khar, R.K., Pathan, S.A. and Khan, Z.I. (2008) Microemulsions: A Novel Approach to Enhanced Drug Delivery. Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation, 2, 238-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187221108786241679
[28]	Alagusundaram, M., Madhu, S.C.C., Umashankari, K., Badarinath, A.V., Lavanya, C. and Ramkanth, S. (2009) Microspheres as a Novel Drug Delivery System—A Review. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 1, 526-534.
[29]	Katteboinaa, S., Chandrasekhar, P. and Balaji, S. (2009) Drug Nanocrystals: A Novel Formulation Approach to Poorly Soluble Drugs. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 1, 682-694.
[30]	Hari, B.N.V., Kalaimagal, K., Porkodi, R., Gajula, P.K. and Ajay, J.Y. (2012) Dendrimer: Globular Nanostructured Materials for Drug Delivery. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 4, 432-451.
[31]	Han, S., Shen, J., Gan, Y., Geng, H., Zhang, X., Zhu, C. and Gan, L. (2010) Novel Vehicle Based on Cubosomes for Ophthalmic Delivery of Flurbiprofen with Low Irritancy and High Bioavailability. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 31, 990-998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/aps.2010.98
[32]	Nikam, V.K., Kotade, K.B., Gaware, V.M., Dolas, R.T., Dhamak, K.B., Somwanshi, S.B., et al. (2011) Iontophoresis in Drug Delivery: History and Application. Pharmacologyonline, 3, 543-561.
[33]	Vodithala, S., Khatry, S., Shastri, N. and Sadanandam, M. (2010) Formulation and Evaluation of Ion Activated Ocular Gels of Detorolac Tromethamine. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 2, 33-38.
[34]	Rathore, K.S. (2010) In Situ Gelling Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System: An Overview. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2, 30-34.
[35]	Kumar, L., Singh, R.P., Gupta, S. and Kumar, D. (2011) In Situ Gel: A Novel System for Ocular Drug Delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 9, 83-91.
[36]	Champalal, K.D. and Poddar Sushilkumar, S. (2012) Current Status of Ophthalmic In-Situ Forming Hydrogel. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 3, 372-388.
[37]	Hiremath, S.S.P., Dasankoppa, F.S., Nadaf, A., Jamakandi, V.G., Mulla, J.S., Sreenivas, S.A., Sholapur, H.N., Aezazahmed and Nanjundaswamy, N.G. (2008) Formulation and Evaluation of a Novel in Situ Gum Based Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System of Linezolid. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 76, 515-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.0803-17
[38]	Varshoaz, J., Tabbakhian, M. and Salmani, Z. (2008) Designing of a Thermosensitive Chitosan/Poloxamer in Situ Gel for Ocular Delivery of Ciprofloxacin. The Open Drug Delivery Journal, 2, 61-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874126600802010061
[39]	Ramaa, C.S., Mohan, R., Mundada, A.S. and Kadam, V.J. (2008) Advances in Contemporary Research. Retrometabolism Based Drug Targeting—Soft Drug Approach. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 47B, 721-723.
[40]	Allen, L.V., Popwich, N.G. and Ansel, H.C. (2005) Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems. 8th Edition, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 652-662.
[41]	Hughes, P.M., Olejnik, O., Chang-Lin, J.E. and Wilson, C.G. (2005) Topical and Systemic Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segments. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 57, 2010-2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2005.09.004