Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Low Land Rice as Affected by Organic and Chemical Sources

Amina Khatun^1*, Hasina Sultana¹, Md. Sultan Uddin Bhuiya², Md. Abu Saleque³

¹Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
²Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangaladesh.
³Advanced Studies & Research, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1101327                

Abstract

Given the increasing dairy and poultry industries, cowdung (CD) and poultry manure (PM) might become alternative sources of nitrogen (N) for rice production in South Asia. A field experiment was conducted during dry season (November-April) in Gazipur, Bangladesh. The experiment aimed to evaluate N use efficiency (NUE) in rice under varying sources of N application. Six treatments—1) N-control; 2) optimum dose of nitrogen (164 kg N ha^﹣1) from urea; 3) 50% N from urea and 50% N from CD; 4) 50% N from urea and 50% N from PM; 5) 100% N from CD; and 6) 100% N from PM— were compared. Two mega varieties—BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29—were used as test crops. In BRRI dhan28, the urea treatment had the highest agronomic use efficiency (AUE), utilization efficiency (UE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) followed by urea PM treatment and absolute PM treatment. In BRRI dhan29, the urea PM treatment had the highest AUE followed by absolute urea treatment while the urea PM treatment gave the highest UE and PFP followed by urea treatment and urea CD treatment. The absolute PM treatment gave the highest physiological efficiency (PE) followed by absolute urea treatment in BRRI dhan28. In BRRI dhan29, the absolute PM treatment had the highest PE followed by urea treatment and urea PM treatment. The absolute PM treatment had the highest agro physiological efficiency (APE) both in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29. Based on this finding, it is concluded that the practice of integrated use of organic and chemical fertilizer has the scope to reduce chemical fertilizer and also contribute to increasing nitrogen use efficiency.

Keywords

Rice, Cowdung, Poultry Manure, Urea, N Use Efficiency

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Fageria, N.K., Santos, A.B. and Cutrim, V.A. (2008) Dry Matter and Yield of Lowland Rice Genotypes as Influence by Nitrogen Fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31, 788-795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904160801928471
[2]	Saleque, M.A., Abedin, M.J., Bhuiyan, N.I., Zaman, S.K. and Panaullah, G.M. (2004) Long-Term Effects of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizer Sources on Yield and Nutrient Accumulation of Lowland Rice. Field Crops Research, 86, 53-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00119-9
[3]	Chaturvedi, I. (2005) Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Hybrid Rice. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 6, 611-618.
[4]	Mikkelsen, D.S., Jayaweera, G.R. and Rolston, D.E. (1995) Nitrogen Fertilizer Practices of Lowland Rice Culture. In: Nitrogen Fertilization and the Environment, 171-223.
[5]	Yoshida, S. (1981) Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science. IRRI, Los Banos, 235-269.
[6]	Datta, S.K.D. (1986) Improving Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency in Lowland Rice in Tropical Asia. Fertilizer Research, 9, 171-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048702
[7]	Fageria, N.K. and Filho, M.P.B. (2001) Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Lowland Rice Genotypes. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32, 2079-2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120000270
[8]	Yadav, R.L., Yadav, D.S., Singh, R.M. and Kumar, A. (1998) Long-Term Effects of Inorganic Fertilizer Inputs on Crop Productivity in a Rice-Wheat Cropping System. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 51, 193-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009744719420
[9]	Panda, S.C. (2006) Production Technology of Crop Management and Integrated Farming. Agrobios (India), 130.
[10]	Solaiman, A.R.M. and Rabbani, M.G. (2006) Effects of N P K S and Cow Dung on Growth and Yield of Tomato. Bulletin Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 29, 31-37.
[11]	Zhang, W.D., Han, Y., Dick, W.A., Davis, K.R. and Hoitink, H.A.J. (1998) Compost and Compost Water Extract Induced Systemic Acquired Resistance in Cucumber and Arabidopsis. Phytopathology, 88, 450-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.5.450
[12]	Ishak, C.F., Bakar, R.A., Saud, H.M. and Abdullah, T.L. (1999) Application of Sewage Sludge from Indian Water Treatment Plants. AgroSearch, 6, 14-19.
[13]	Wu, J., Nofziger, D.L., Warren, J. and Hattey, J. (2003) Estimating Ammonia Volatilization from Swine-Effluent Droplets in Sprinkle Irrigation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67, 1352-1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1352
[14]	Yoshida, S., Forno, D.A., Cock, J.H. and Gomez, K.A. (1976) Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice. 3rd Edition, International Rice Research Institute, Manila.
[15]	Yoshida, S., Cock, J.H. and Parao, F.T. (1972) Physiological Aspects of High Yield. In: Rice Breeding, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, 455-469.
[16]	Fageria, N.K., Santos, A.B. and Baligar, V.C. (1997) Phosphorus Soil Test Calibration for Lowland Rice on an Inceptisol. Agronomy Journal, 89, 737-742. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900050005x
[17]	Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984) Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Research. 2nd Edition, John Willey and Sons, Singapore City, 28-192.
[18]	Dawe, D., Dobermann, A., Moya, P., Abulrachmann, S., Singh, B., Lal, P., Li, S.Y., Lin, B., Panaullah, G.M., Sariam, O., Singh, Y., Swarup, A., Tan, P.S. and Zhen, Q.X. (2000) How Widespread Are Yield Declines in Long-Term Rice Experiments in Asia? Field Crops Research, 66, 175-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00075-7
[19]	Statcal (2012) http://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc3/calc.aspx?id=15
[20]	Castellanos, J.Z. and Pratt, P.F. (1981) Mineralization of Manure Nitrogen-Correlation with Laboratory Indexes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 45, 354-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500020025x
[21]	Kelling, K.A., Bundy, L.G., Combs, S.M. and Peters, J.B. (1998) Soil Test Recommendations for Field, Vegetable and Fruit Crops. University of Wisconsin-Extension Bulletin, A2809, Madison.
[22]	Myint, A.K., Yamakawa, T., Zenmyo, T., Thao, H.T.B. and Sarr, P.S. (2011) Effects of Organic Manure Application on Growth, Grain Yield and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Recoveries of Rice Variety Manawthuka in Paddy Soils of Differing Fertility. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42, 457-474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.542223
[23]	Singh, P. and Gangwar, B. (2000) Nitrogen Substitution through FYM in Maize-Wheat Cropping Sequence under Irrigated Conditions. Proceedings of International Conference on Managing Natural Resources for Sustainable Agricultural Production in the 21st Century, New Delhi, 881-882.
[24]	Khan, A.R., Sarkar, S., Nanda, P. and Chandra, D. (2001) Organic Manuring through Gliricidia Maculate for Rice Production. International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy Int. Rep., Vol. 10, 1-4.
[25]	Antil, R.S. and Singh, M. (2007) Effects of Organic Manures and Fertilizers on Organic Matter and Nutrients Status of the Soil. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 53, 519-528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03650340701571033
[26]	Fageria, N.K. and Baligar, V.C. (2001) Lowland Rice Response to Nitrogen Fertilization. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32, 1405-1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CSS-100104202
[27]	Dingkuhn, M., Schnier, H.F., Datta, S.K.D., Dorfling, K. and Javellana, C. (1991) Relationships between Ripening Phase Productivity and Crop Duration, Canopy Photosynthesis and Senescence in Transplanted and Direct-Seeded Lowland Rice. Field Crops Research, 26, 327-345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(91)90009-K
[28]	Guindo, D., Norman, R.J. and Wells, B.R. (1994) Accumulation of Fertilizer Nitrogen-15 by Rice at Different Stages of Development. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58, 410-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800020025x
[29]	Sims, J.T. and Wolf, D.C. (1994) Poultry Waste Management: Agricultural and Environmental Issues. Advances in Agronomy, 52, 1-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60621-5
[30]	Prasad, R. and Datta, S.K.D. (1979) Increasing Efficiency of Fertilizer Nitrogen in Wetland Rice. In: Nitrogen and Rice, IRRI, Los Baños, 465-484.
[31]	Singh, U., Ladha, J.K., Castillo, E.G., Punjalan, G., Tirol-Padre, A. and Duqueza, M. (1998) Genotypic Variation in Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Medium and Long Duration Rice. Field Crops Research, 58, 35-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00084-7
[32]	Craswell, E.T. and Vlek, P.L.G. (1979) Fate of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applied to Wetland Rice. In: Nitrogen and Rice, IRRI, Los Baños, 175-192.
[33]	Buresh, R.J., Pampolino, M.F. and Witt, C. (2010) Field-Specific Potassium and Phosphorus Balances and Fertilizer Requirements for Irrigated Rice-Based Cropping Systems. Plant and Soil, 335, 35-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0441-z