Analysis of Causes of Delay in Middle and High Income Self-Build Housing Projects (SBHPs) in Wa, Ghana

Samuel Owusu Afram; Anthony Bangdome-Dery; Genevieve Ekua Eghan; Titus Ebenezer Kwofie

doi:10.4236/jbcpr.2015.34017

Home > Journals > Engineering > JBCPR

Journal of Building Construction and Pla... > Vol.3 No.4, December 2015

Analysis of Causes of Delay in Middle and High Income Self-Build Housing Projects (SBHPs) in Wa, Ghana ()

Samuel Owusu Afram^1*, Anthony Bangdome-Dery^2*, Genevieve Ekua Eghan², Titus Ebenezer Kwofie¹

¹Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.
²Building Technology & Estate Management Department, Wa Polytechnic, Wa, Ghana.

DOI: 10.4236/jbcpr.2015.34017 PDF HTML XML 3,370 Downloads 4,277 Views Citations

Abstract

Self-build housing projects (SBHPs) among middle and high income developers are faced with many challenges that cause delay in the delivery time of the house(s). The focus of this paper is to analyse the factors that cause delay in SBHPs in order to identify the critical delay factors. Review of literature and expert input revealed 20 variables which were used in a structured questionnaire for data collection from owners, consultants and builders in Wa Municipality. Reliability test, t-test analysis and mean ranking were used in the data analysis. The results revealed that “Delay in obtaining permit from Local Authorities” was the first delay factor followed by “Poor site management and supervision”. The delay factor ranked least was “Inadequate cost estimation and related details” from consultants. The paper recommends that Government agencies that regulate physical development should intensify public education, particularly on responsibilities and obligations, especially among self-builders. The paper recommends further study into labour-related issues as well as communication and information management among participants and its impact on self-build project success.

Keywords

Delays, Self-Build, Housing Projects, Ghana

Share and Cite:

Afram, S.O., Bangdome-Dery, A., Eghan, G.E. and Kwofie, T.E. (2015) Analysis of Causes of Delay in Middle and High Income Self-Build Housing Projects (SBHPs) in Wa, Ghana. Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, 3, 171-179. doi: 10.4236/jbcpr.2015.34017.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Tipple, G. and Korboe, D. (1998) Housing Policy in Ghana: Towards a Supply-Oriented Future. Habitat International, 22, 245-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0197-3975(98)00009-5
[2]	Gough, K.V. and Yankson, P. (2010) A Neglected Aspect of the Housing Market: The Caretakers of Peri-Urban Accra, Ghana. Urban Studies, 48, 793-810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098010367861
[3]	UN-Habitat (2011) Ghana Housing Profile. United Nations Human Settlement Programme, Nairobi.
[4]	Manu, F.W., Baiden-Amissah, P.D., Adobor, D.C.I. and Danquah, J.A. (2009) Mitigating Global Climatic Change through the Use of Green Building Materials. National Housing Conference Proceedings at STEPRI. C.S.I.R., 208-217.
[5]	Arku, G. (2009) The Economics of Housing Programmes in Ghana, 1929-66. Planning Perspectives, 24, 281-300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665430902933952
[6]	Konadu-Agyemang, K. (2001) The Political Economy of Housing and Urban Development in Africa: Ghana’s Experience from Colonial Times to 1998. Praeger, Westport, CT/London, 137-138.
[7]	Bank of Ghana (2007) The Housing Market in Ghana. Research Department of Bank of Ghana, Ghana.
[8]	Obeng-Odoom, F. (2009) Has the Habitat for Humanity Housing Scheme Achieved Its Goal? A Ghanaian Case Study. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 24, 67-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10901-008-9128-7
[9]	Kwofie, T.E., Adinyira, E. and Botchway, E. (2011) Historical Overview of Housing Provision in Pre- and Post-Independent(ce) Ghana. Laryea, S., Leringer, R. and Hughes, W., Eds., West Africa Built Environment Research (WABER) Conference, Accra, 19-21 July 2011, 541-557.
[10]	Bangdome-Dery, A., Eghan, G.E. and Afram, S.O. (2014) Overview of Self-Help (Self-Build) Housing Provision in Ghana: Policies and Challenges. Developing Country Studies, 4, 77-89.
[11]	Ahadzie, D.K. and Badu, E. (2011) Success Indicators for Self-Build Houses in Two Ghanaian Cities. Journal of Science and Technology, 31, 86-96.
[12]	Biitir, S.B. (2009) Provision of Affordable Housing for Low Income Groups in Tamale Metropolitan Area through Self-Help Housing Approach. Un-Published Master of Philosophy Thesis, Department of Land Economy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi.
[13]	Afrane, S. and Amoako, C. (2011) Peri-Urban Development in Kumasi. In: Adarkwa, K.K., Ed., Future of the Tree: Towards Growth and Development of Kumasi, University Printing Press, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, 92-110.
[14]	Soliman, A.M. (2012) The Egyptian Episode of Self-Build Housing. Habitat International, 36, 226-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.08.004
[15]	Oyedokun, T.B., Adewusi, A.O., Ojo, B., Onakoya, B.O. and Akinbogun, S.P. (2012) Constraints to Land Accessibility by Urban Residents in Akure, Nigeria. Proceedings of the 4th West Africa Built Environment Research (WABER) Conference, Abuja, 24-26 July 2012, 1249-1260.
[16]	Kamau, P.K. (2002) Enhancing Housing Development and Ownership, Prospects for Individual Housing Development in Nairobi, Kenya. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba.
[17]	Badu, E., Owusu-Manu, D., Edwards, D.J. and Holt, G.D. (2011) Innovative Financing (IF) of Infrastructure Projects in Ghana: Conceptual and Empirical Observations. Engineering Project Organization Journal, 1, 255-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21573727.2011.597744
[18]	Aibinu, A. and Jagboro, G. (2002) The Effects of Construction Delays on Project Delivery in Nigerian Construction Industry. International Journal of Project Management, 20, 593-599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00028-5
[19]	Koushki, P.A., Al-Rashid, K. and Kartam, N. (2005) Delays and Cost Increase in the Construction of Private Residential Projects in Kuwait. Construction Management and Economics, 23, 285-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144619042000326710
[20]	Assaf, S.A. and Al-Hajji, S. (2006) Causes of Delay in Large Construction Projects. International Project Management, 24, 349-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2005.11.010
[21]	Fugar, F.D.K. and Agyakwah-Baah, A.B. (2010) Delays in Building Construction Projects in Ghana. Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 10, 103-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2005.11.010
[22]	Desai, M. and Bhatt, R. (2013) Critical Causes of Delay in Residential Construction Projects: Case Study of Central Gujarat Region of India. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 4, 762-768.
[23]	Marzouk, M.M. and El-Rasas, T.I. (2014) Analyzing Delay Causes in Egyptian Construction Projects. Journal of Advanced Research, 5, 49-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2012.11.005
[24]	Osei-Tutu, E. and Adjei-Kumi, T. (2009) An Evaluation of Housing Cost Trends in Ghana for the Period 1991-2008. Proceedings of National Housing Conference, Accra, 7-8 October 2009, 166-182.
[25]	Durdyev, S., Ismail, S. and Abu Bakar, N. (2012) Factors Causing Cost Overruns in Construction of Residential Projects; Case Study of Turkey. International Journal of Science and Management, 1, 3-12.
[26]	Afrane, S. and Asamoah, P.K.B. (2011) Housing Situation in Kumasi. In: Adarkwa, K.K., Ed., Future of the Tree: Towards Growth and Development of Kumasi, University Printing Press, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, 69-91.
[27]	Hammond, D.N.A. (2011) Harmonizing Land Policy and the Law for Development in Kumasi. In: Adarkwa, K.K., Ed., Future of the Tree: Towards Growth and Development of Kumasi, University Printing Press, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, 55-68.
[28]	Frimpong, Y., Oluwoye, J. and Crawford, L. (2003) Causes of Delay and Cost Overruns in Construction of Groundwater Projects in a Developing Country: Ghana as a Case Study. International Journal of Project Management, 21, 321-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00055-8
[29]	Blaikie, N. (2000) Designing Social Research. Polity Press, Cambridge.
[30]	Ahadzie, D.K. (2007) A Model for Predicting the Performance of Project Managers in Mass House Building Projects. PhD Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton.
[31]	Cronbach, L.J. (1951) Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
[32]	Nunnally, J.C. (1978) Psychometric Theory. 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
[33]	Field, A. (2005) Discovering Statistics, Using SPSS for Windows. Sage Publications, London.
[34]	Mahama, C. and Antwi, A. (2006) Land and Property Markets in Ghana, Discussion Paper, Prepared by Royal Institution of Chattered Surveyors. World Urban Forum III, Vancouver, 19-23 June 2006. http://www.urbanlandmark.org.za/downloads/Land_property_market-ghana.pdf
[35]	Azhar, N., Farooqui, R.U. and Ahmed, S.M. (2008) Cost Overrun Factors in Construction Industry of Pakistan. Proceedings of the 1st ICCIDC-I Conference, Karachi, 4-5 August 2008, 499-508.
[36]	Long, N.D., Ogunlana, S., Quang, T. and Lam, K.C. (2004) Large Construction Projects in Developing Countries: A Case Study from Vietnam. International Journal of Project Management, 22, 553-561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.03.004
[37]	Le-Hoai, L., Lee, Y.D. and Lee, J.Y. (2008) Delay and Cost Overruns in Vietnam Large Construction Projects: A Comparison with Other Selected Countries. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 12, 367-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-008-0367-7
[38]	Abd El-Razek, M.E., Bassioni, H.A. and Mobarak, A.M. (2008) Causes of Delay in Building Construction Projects in Egypt. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 134, 831-841. www.ascelibrary.org/toc/jcemd4/134/11
[39]	Sweis, G., Sweis, R., Abu Hammad, A. and Shboul, A. (2008) Delays in Construction Projects: The Case of Jordan. International Journal of Project Management, 26, 665-674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.09.009