Influence of Mode of Delivery on the Stress Response in Infants

M. A. Radouani¹, N. Chahid¹, A. Kharbach¹, M. Mrabet¹, A. Hassani², H. Aguenaou³, Amina Barkat^1,4*

¹Research Team on Health and Nutrition of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
²University of Abulcassiss, Rabat, Morocco.
³Mixed Research Unit in Nutrition and Food URAC 39, (University Ibn Tufail-CNESTEN) Designated Regional Center of Nutrition Associate AFRA/IAEA, Kénitra, Morocco.
⁴Department of Medicine and Neonatal Resuscitation, National Reference Center for Neonatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital, Ibn Sina Hospital, Souissi, Morocco.

DOI: 10.4236/psych.2015.614183                

Abstract

Objective: Analysis of stress response of newborns born vaginally assisted compared to those born by caesarean section scheduled at birth and then 15 days to 2 months of life. The methodology is based on: 1) The neonatal period, the analysis of cortisol levels in the blood of the umbilical artery by Radio-Immuno-Assay, 2) At the age of 15 days and two months, evaluation of the intensity of the pain response to vaccine act using DAN scores. The results of the first part of the study showed that both groups were comparable regarding maternal and neonatal characteristics except for gestational age and BMI with values of 39.9 SA respectively for channels bass, SA for 38.6 and 28.03 cesareans for low tract and 29.1 cesareans. The average values of cortisol were 403.4 nmol/L ± 260.90 for bass tracks and 117.1 ± 63.90 for caesarean sections. The difference is statistically significant with a p < 0.00001. The results of the second part showed that there are significant differences by comparing post-vaccination pain scores as well after BCG to 15 days of life, after Infanrix HIB polio at two months of life. p is respectively 0.0016 at 15 days of life and 0.0001 at two months. In conclusion, newborns’ extracts assisted vagina to live such stress at birth; their immediate response to stress is much higher than those born by high way before the beginning of work, and their pain response is more intense in 15 days and two months of life.

Keywords

Answer, Stress, Newborn, Vaginally, Assisted

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Bell, A. (2007) Don’t We Want Aroused and Alert Babies at Birth? BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 114, 120-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01157.x
[2]	Bensabat, S. (1980). Le stress, De grands spécialistes répondent, pp 350, Ed. Hachette.
[3]	Boudarene, M. (1997). Qu’est-ce que le stress? Rev. Médicale. Liège, Belgique, 52, 541-549.
[4]	Cambier, J. (1995). Manuel de Neurologie (599 pages). Ed. Masson, 8ème édition.
[5]	Canouï, P. (1998). Le syndrome d’épuisement professionnel des soignants. Ed. Masson: 211 p.
[6]	Carbajal, R. (1997) M. DAN: Une échelle comportementale d’évaluation de la douleur aiguë du nouveau né. Archives de pédiatrie, 4, 623-628.
[7]	Debillon, T. (1998). Les grilles d’évaluation de la douleur chez le nouveau né: Revue de la littérature. Douleur et analgésie, 4, 167-172.
[8]	Gitau, R. (2007). Cord Cortisol Levels as an Indicator of the Fetal Stress Response to Assisted Vaginal Delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynaecol, 39, 1-4.
[9]	Hazard, J. (1990). Manuel d’Endocrinologie (560 pages). Ed. Masson, 3ème édition
[10]	James, P. (1997). Neurocircuitry of Stress: Central Control of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis. Trends in Neurosciences, 20, 78-84.
[11]	James, P. (2003). Central Mechanisms of Stress Integration: Hierarchical Circuitry Controlling Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Responsiveness. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 24, 151-180.
[12]	Kristina, A. (2006). Hippocampal Neuroplasticity Induced by Early-Life Stress: Functional and Molecular Aspects. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 27, 180-192.
[13]	Laborit, H. (1988). Encyclopaedia Universalis, pp. 271-272, Corpus 17, Soutine Tirso.
[14]	Mears, K., McAuliffe, F., Grimes, H., & Morrison, J. J. (2004). Fetal Cortisol in Relation to Labour, Intrapartum Events and Mode of Delivery. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 24, 129-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610410001645389
[15]	Mignée, C. (1991). Le stress, Biologie et Physiologie. Archives de Maladies Professionnelles, 52, 255-257.
[16]	Mills, F. J. (1985). The Endocrinology of Stress. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 56, 642-650.
[17]	Olivier, C. (1997). Arginine-vasopressine et fonction corticotrope lors du stress. La Presse Médicale, 26, 1635-1641.
[18]	Owen, D. (2007). Prenatal Glucocorticoid Exposure Alters Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Function in Juvenile Guinea Pigs. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 19, 172-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01517.x
[19]	Paulmyer-Lacroix, O. (1995). Régulation de la fonction corticotrope dans les situations de stress. Annales d’Endocrinologie, 56, 225-245.
[20]	Stephen, G. (2007). Foetal Experience: Lifelong Consequences. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 19, 73.
[21]	Taddio, A., Katz, J., Ilersich, A. L., & Koren, G. (1997). Effect of Neonatal Circumcision on Pain Response during Subsequent Routine Vaccination. The Lancet, 349, 599-603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)10316-0
[22]	Trevor, A. (2005). Defining Stress as a Prelude to Mapping Its Neurocircuitry: No Help from Allostasis. Progress in Neuro-Psychophrmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 29, 1195-1200.
[23]	Vogl, S. E. (2006). Mode of Delivery Is Associated with Maternal and Fetal Endocrine Stress Response. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 113, 441-445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00865.x