Effect of Material Used in Concrete Mixture on the Foundation Stresses on Soil

Entidhar Al-Taie, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Sven Knutsson

Department of Civil, Environment and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden.

DOI: 10.4236/eng.2015.710058                

Abstract

Sustainable design, green architecture and sustainable construction are new methods for design and construction that are employed for environmental and economic challenges. Clay and bricks proved as sustainable building materials. In this paper, crush brick in the concrete mixture instead of normal coarse aggregate will be used. STAAD Prov8i software was applied for the designed of a hypothetical building in different sites of the three locations in Iraq (Mosul at the north, Baghdad at the center and Basrah at the south). The input model data used in the software were depending on the field and laboratory tests done for twenty three sites in the three locations of Iraq. Concrete properties values were used in the software for concrete mixture with crushed bricks. The results values of base pressure obtained from the software were low for the three locations. The maximum values of base pressure under the foundation for both the average and the minimum bearing capacity values for Mosul region for the normal strength concrete and air-entrained were (94, 84) kPa and (91, 82) kPa respectively, for Baghdad region were (89, 82) kPa and (86, 81) kPa respectively. Finally, for Basrah, the results for the base pressure were (84, 77) kPa and (82, 76) kPa, respectively. The results values of the base pressure were less for all locations compared with the base pressure values obtained from a previous work for the same locations. The use of crushed brick as aggregate in the concrete mixture is economical due to its availability as local material and it is durable materials with low weight.

Keywords

Crush Brick, Sustainable Material, Base Pressure, STAAD Prov8i Software, Mud

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Kamel, M.S. (2010) Cities Constructions towards a Better Future. First Arabic Construction Conference, The League of Arab States, 23-26 December 2010, Cairo.
[2]	Abdul Razzaq, N.K. (2012) Planning and Design Characteristics of the Buildings and Settlements of Mud in Iraq. Journal of Planned and Development, 25, 93-111.
[3]	Abib, Z.E., Gaher-Abib, H. and Kharchi, F. (2013) Effect of Clay Fines on the Behavior of Self-Compacting Concrete. Engineering, 5, 213-218. http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng
[4]	Dey, G. and Pal, J. (2013) Use of Brick Aggregate in Standard Concrete and Its Performance in Elevated Temperature. IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 5, 523-526. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/IJET.2013.V5.610
[5]	Bhanbhro, R., Memon, I., Ansari, A., Shah, A. and Memon, B.A. (2014) Properties Evaluation of Concrete Using Local Used Bricks as Coarse Aggregate. Engineering, 6, 211-216. http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng
[6]	Kallak, F.S. (2009) Use of Crushed Bricks as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 16, 64-69.
[7]	Rekha, K. and Potharaju, M. (2015) Residual Compressive Strength of Recycled Brick Aggregate Concrete at High Temperatures. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 5, 159-164.
[8]	Khalaf, F.M. (2006) Using Crushed Clay Brick as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 18, 518-526.
[9]	Arya, U., Hussain, A. and Khan, W. (2014) Wind Analysis of Building Frames on Sloping Ground. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4, 1-7.
[10]	Subramani, T. and Ponnuvel, D. (2012) Seismic and Stability Analysis of Gravity Dams Using Staad PRO. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 1, 44-54.
[11]	Meera, C.M. (213) Pre-Engineered Building Design of an Industrial Warehouse. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies, 5, 75-82.
[12]	Thakur, A. and Singh, A. (2014) Comparative Analysis of a Multi Storied Residential Building with a without Shear Wall Using STADD Pro. International Journal of Recent Research Aspects, 1, 54-57.
[13]	Al-Taie, E., Al-Ansari, N. and Knutsson, S. (2014) Effect of Bearing Capacity on Designing Foundations in Iraq Using STAAD Pro-v8i. Engineering, 6, 292-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2014.66033
[14]	Al-Juboury, A.I., Ghazal, M.M. and Mccann, T. (2009) Detrital Chromian Spinels from Miocene and Holocene Sediments of Northern Iraq: Provenance Implications. Journal of Geosciences, 54, 289-300.
[15]	Kattab, S.A., Abd, R.S. and Abdulla, B.M.A. (2013) Spatial Analysis of Some Geotechnical Properties for the Left Side of Mosul City Using GIS System. Tikrit Journal of Science and Engineering, 20, 12-17.
[16]	Al-Dewachi, B.M. (2005) Origin of Caves in Quaternary Fluvial Deposits at the Left Side of Mosul City-Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Earth Science, 5, 58-67.
[17]	Ail, S.M. (2012) Hydrogeological Environmental Assessment of Baghdad Area. Ph.D. Thesis, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
[18]	Al-Taie, E., Al-Ansari, N. and Knutsson, S. (2014) Bearing Capacity Affecting the Design of Shallow Foundation in Various Regions of Iraq Using SAP200 & SAFE Softwares. Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 4, 35-52.
[19]	Mahmoud, R.A. and Daham, H.A. (2012) expansive Characteristics for Surface Soils in Selected Areas of Alfaw City of Basra Province/South Iraq. Basra Science Journal, 2B, 1-8.
[20]	Almutury, W.Gh. and Al-Asadi, M.M. (2008) Tectonostratigraphic History of Mesopotamian Passive Margin during Mesozoic and Cenozoic, South Iraq. Journal of Kirkuk University, 3, 31-50.
[21]	Anbuvelan, K. and Subramanian, K. (2014) An Empirical Relationship between Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rupture and Compressive Strength of M60 Concrete Containing Metakaolin. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 8, 1294-1298.