Plant Digestive Supplement Designed by Lactobacillus Regulated Leukocyte Subsets through Activation of Complement Components and Implication for Use against Tumor Bearing Host against Infection

Kohji Ohtubo¹, Nobuo Yamaguchi^1,2*, Nurmuhamamt Amat³, Dilxat Yimit³, Parida Hoxur⁴, Hiroshi Ushijima², Yousuke Watanabe²

¹Ishikawa Natural Medicinal Products Research Center, Ishikawa, Japan.
²Department of Fundament Research for CAM, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
³Traditional Uighur Medicine Department, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
⁴Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.

DOI: 10.4236/oji.2015.53013                

Abstract

A plant material consisted by Family Poaceae was fermented by Yeast and Lactobaccilli (U-164). This material was proved by as safe in animal safety experiment for oral administration. In order to prove the effect of U-164 against physiological function, the animal and human trials were set up to look into mainly leukocyte functions. In animal experiment, anti-oxidative effect and antibody response in immune-compromised host and diabetes meritus were made up. For human use, peripheral lymphocyte in number and subset ratio were followed up to one month after administration. In order to understand its effect, human complement component analysis was made by immune-electrophoresis. Our results showed that U-164 augmented the level of lymphocytes, while U-164 down regulated the level of granulocytes. In our clinical study with 19 healthy volunteers, granulocyte and lymphocyte ratio was obtained as neutral in peripheral blood being increased significantly 30 days after the ingestion of U-164. In experimental animal study, the compromised host as well as normal animal was administered with cancer chemotherapeutic agent (Mytomycin-C). Our observations showed against antibody producing cell, this material recovered the antibody production in the host compromising the immure responsiveness. We also proposed an idea that U-164 exhibited tonic effects via activating complement components. Moreover, we tried to access further to the anti-oxidative activities of this U-164. This modification brought to the significant lifted up for anti-oxidative activity for phagocytic cell.

Keywords

Family Poaceae, Fermentation, Yeast, Lactobacillus, Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agent, Compromised Host, Complement, C3b Fragment, Anti-Oxidant, Diabetes, Blood Sugar

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Kitada, Y., Wan, W., Matsui, K., Shimizu, S. and Yamaguchi, N. (2000) Regulation of Peripheral White Blood Cells in Numbers and Functions through Hot-Spring Bathing During a Short Term—Studies in Control Experiments. Journal of Japanese Society Balneology Climatology Physiological Medicine, 63, 151-164.
[2]	Yamaguchi, N., Takahashi, T., Sugita, T., Ichikawa, K., Sakaihara, S., Tsugiyasu Kanda T., Arai, M. and Kawakita, K. (2007) Acupuncture Regulates Leukocyte Subpopulations in Human Peripheral Blood. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative medicine, 4, 447-453.
[3]	Suzuki, S., Toyabe, S., Moroda, T., Tada, T., Tsukahara, A. and Iiai, T. (1997) Circadian Rhythm of Leukocytes and Lym-Phocytes Subsets and Its Possible Correlation with the Function of the Autonomic Nervous System. Clinical Experimental Immunology, 110, 500-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.1997.4411460.x
[4]	Yamaguchi, N., Kawada, N., Ja, X.-S., Okamoto, K., Okuzumi, K., Chen, R. and Takahashi, T. (2014) Overall Estimation of Anti-Oxidant Activity by Mammal Macrophage, Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases, 4, 13-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojra.2014.41002
[5]	Hamada, M. and Yamaguchi, N. (1988) Effect of Kanpo Medicine, Zyuzentaihoto, on the Immune Reactivity of Tumor-Bearing Mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 24, 311-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(88)90160-2
[6]	Tu, C.C., Li, C.S., Liu, C.M. and Liu, C.C. (2011) Comparative Use of Biomedicine and Chinese Medicine in Taiwan: Using the NHI Research Database. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17, 339-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.0200
[7]	Jerne, N.K. and Nordin, A.A. (1963) Plaque Formation in Agar by Single Antibody Producing Cells. Science, 140, 405-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.140.3565.405
[8]	Yamaguchi, N., Ueyama, T., Amat, N., Yimit, D., Hoxur, P., Sakamoto, D., Katoh, Y., Watanabe, I. and Su, S.-Y. (2015) Bi-Directional Regulation by Chinese Herbal Formulae to Host and Parasite for Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Humans and Rodents. Open Journal of Immunology, 4, 18-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oji.2015.51003
[9]	Jong, M.S., Hwang, S.J., Chen, Y.C., Chen, T.J., Chen, F.J. and Chen, T.P. (2010) Prescriptions of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Constipation under the National Health Insurance in Taiwan. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, 73, 375-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1726-4901(10)70081-2
[10]	Navo, M.A. and Phan Vaughan, J.C. (2004) An Assessment of the Utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medication in Women with Gynecologic or Breast Malignancies. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22, 671-677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2004.04.162
[11]	Liu, J.P., Yang, H., Xia, Y. and Cardini, F. (2009) Herbal Preparations for Uterine Fibroids. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, No. 2, CD005292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd005292.pub2
[12]	Murayama, T., Yamaguchi, N., Iwamoto, K. and Eizuru, Y. (2006) Inhibition of Ganciclovir-Resistant Human Cytomegalovirus Replication by Kampo (Japanese Herbal Medicine). Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy, 17, 11-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632020601700102
[13]	Abo, T., Kawate, T., Itoh, K. and Kumagai, K. (1981) Studies on the Bioperiodicity of the Immune Response. 1. Circadian Rhythms of Human T, B and K Cell Traffic in the Peripheral Blood. Journal of. Immunology, 126, 1360-1363.
[14]	Abo, T. and Kumagai, K. (1978) Studies of Surface Immunoglobulins on Human B Lymphocytes. Physiological Variations of Sig+ Cells in Peripheral Blood. Clinical Experimental Immunology, 33, 441-452.
[15]	Landmann, R.M., Muller, F.B., Perini, C., Wesp, M., Erne, P. and Buhler, R. (1984) Changes of Immunoregulatory Cells Induced by Psychological and Physical Stress: Relationship to Plasma Catecholamines. Clinical Experimental Immunology, 58,127-135.
[16]	Iio, A., Ohguchi, K., Naruyama, H., Tazawa, S., Araki, Y., Ichihara, K., Nozawa, Y. and Ito, M. (2012) Ethanolic Extract of Brazilian Red Propolis ABCA1 Expression and Promote Cholesterol Effulux from THP-1 Macrophage. Phytomedicine, 19, 383-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.10.007
[17]	Kitada, Y., Okamoto, K., Takei, T., Jia, X.F., Chen, R., Yamaguchi, N., Tsubokawa, M., Wu, W.H., Murayama, T. and Kawakita, K. (2013) Hot Spring Hydro Therapy Regulate Peripheral Leukocyte Together with Emotional Hormone and Receptor Positive Lymphocytes According to Each Constitution/Condition. Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases, 3, 140-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojra.2013.33022
[18]	Kitada, Y., Wan, W., Matsui, K. Matsui, K., Shimizu, S. and Yamaguchi, N. (2000) Regulation of Peripheral White Blood Cells in Numbers and Functions through Hot-Spring Bathing During a Short Term—Studies in Control Experiments. Journal of Japanese Society Balneology Climatology Physiological Medicine, 63, 151-164.
[19]	Jerne, N.K. and Nordin, A.A. (1963) Plaque Formation in Agar by Single Antibody Producing Cells. Science, 140,405- 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.140.3565.405
[20]	Jerne, N.K., Nordin, A.A. and Henry, C. (1963) The Agar Technique for Recognizing Antibody Producing Cells. In: Amons, B. and Kaprowski, H., Eds., Cell-Bound Antibodies, Wistar Institute Press, Philadelphia, 109-125.
[21]	Hamada, M. and Yamaguchi, N. (1988) Effect of Kanpo Medicine, Zyuzentaihoto, on the Immune Reactivity of Tumor-Bearing Mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 24, 311-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(88)90160-2
[22]	Jyumonji, N. and Fujii, Y. (1993) A New Assay for Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Vitro Detection F-CHLORELLA. The Macrophage Migration by Boyden Chamber. The Journal of Kanazawa Medical University, 18, 198-203.
[23]	Yamaguchi, N., Shimizu, S. and Izumi, H. (2004) Hydrotherapy Can Modulate Peripheral Leukocytes: An Approach to Alternative Medicine. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 546, 239-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4820-8_18
[24]	Murayama, T., Yamaguchi, N., Matsuno, H. and Eizuru, Y. (2004) In Vitro Anti-Cytomegalovirus Activity of Kampo (Japanese Herbal) Medicine. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1, 285-289.
[25]	Abe, S., Yamaguchi, N., Tansho, S. and Yamaguchi, H. (2005) Preventive Effects of Juzen-taiho-to on Infectious Disease, Juzen-taiho-to (Shi-Quan-Da-Bu-Tang) Scientific Evaluation and Clinical Applications. In: Yamada, H. and Saiki, I., Eds., Traditional Herbal Medicines for Modern Times, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
[26]	Nakano, S., Noguchi, T., Takekoshi, H., Suzuki, G. and Nakano, M. (2005) Maternal-Fetal Distribution and Transfer of Dioxins in Pregnant Women in Japan, and Attempts to Reduce Maternal Transfer with Chlorella (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) Supplements. Chemosphere, 61, 1244-1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.080
[27]	Yamaguchi, N., Shimizu, S. and Izumi, H. (2004) Hydrotherapy Can Modulate Peripheral Leukocytes: An Approach to Alternative Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Biomedicine. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 239-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4820-8_18
[28]	Shimizu, S., Kitada, H., Yokota, H., Yamakawa, J., Murayama, T., Sugiyama, K., Izumi, H. and Yamaguchi, N. (2002) Activation of the Alternative Complement Pathway by Agaricus blazei Murill. Phytomedicine, 9, 536-545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/09447110260573047
[29]	Yamaguchi, N., Araai, M. and Murayama, T. (2015) Aspect of QOL Assessment and Proposed New Scale for Evaluation. Open Journal of Immunology, 4, in press.