Power Grounding Optimization

Abstract

In this paper we discuss the finite element models (FEM) using electromagnetic theory—Maxwell’s equations. Next we developed a new procedure for optimization with the idea to be implemented in the standard IEEE-80 (2013). We expose those ideas in the paper. ETAP program and Matlab software are used for FEM.

Share and Cite:

Cano-Plata, E. , Soto-Marín, O. , Jiménez-Lozano, G. and Estrada-Estrada, J. (2015) Power Grounding Optimization. American Journal of Computational Mathematics, 5, 243-252. doi: 10.4236/ajcm.2015.53021.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] ANSI/IEEE Standard 80-2013 Guide for Safety in AC Substations Grounding.
[2] Practical Applications of ANSI/IEEE Standard 80-1986—IEEE Guide for Safety. Garret, D.L Org., 86 EhO253-S-PWR.
[3] Casas Ospina, F. (2010) Grounding—Safety in Power Systems (Spanish). INCONTEC, 187p,
[4] Zienkiewicz, O.C., Taylor, R.L. and Zhu, J.Z. (2005) The Finite Element Method. 6th Edition, Elsevier, Barcelona.
[5] Reddy, J.N. (2005) An Introduction to the Finite Element Method. McGraw-Hill, New York.
[6] Cano Plata, E.A. and Ramirez Casta?o, J.S. (2010) Systems Grid Ground: Design with IEEE-80 and Evaluated with FEM (Spanish). National University of Colombia, Manizales.
[7] Simo, J.C. (1988) A Framework for Finite Strain Elasto-Plasticity Based on Maximum Plastic Dissipation and the Multiplicative Decomposition, Part I: Continuum Formulation. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 66, 199-219.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(88)90076-X
[8] Simo, J.C. (1988) A Framework for Finite Strain Elasto-Plasticity Based on Maximum Plastic Dissipation and the Multiplicative Decomposition, Part II: Computational Aspects. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 68, 199-219.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(88)90076-X
[9] Simo, J.C. and Marsden, J.E. (1984) On the Rotated Stress Tensor and the Material Version of the Doyle-Ericksen Formula. Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 86, 213-231.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281556
[10] Michiel, H. (2001) Differentiable Manifold. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. Springer, Berlin.
[11] Monk, P. (2003) Finite Element Methods for Maxwell’s Equations, Numerical Mathematics and Scientific Computation. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 450.
[12] Anand, L. (1979) On Hencky’s Approximate Strain-Energy Function for Moderate Deformation. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 46, 78-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3424532
[13] Rolph III, W.D. and Bathe, K.J. (1984) On a Large Strain Finite Element Formulation for Elasto-Plastic Analysis. In: William, K.J., Ed., Constitutive Equations: Macro and Computational Aspects, Winter Annual Meeting, ASME, New York, 131-147.
[14] Weber, G. and Anand, L. (1990) Finite Deformation Constitutive Equation and a Time Integration Procedure for Isotropic, Hyperelastic-Viscoplastic Solids. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 79, 173-202. (1990).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(90)90131-5
[15] Eterovic, A.L. and Bathe, K.J. (1990) A Hyperelastic Based Large Strain Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Formulation with Combined Isotropic Kinematic Hardening Using the Logarithmic Stress and Strain Measures. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 30, 1099-1114.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620300602
[16] Dvorki, E. and Goldschmit, M. (2002) Finite Element Method, Graduate Course. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires.
[17] Matlab Partial Differential Equation (PDE) Toolbox, MATLAB 7.0, 2008.
[18] ETAP 114C Power System Engineering, Operation Software Technology, 2014—Grounding Module.
[19] Soto Marin, O.J. (2015) Failure Analysis of Distribution Transformers in the East Zone of Caldas. National University of Colombia, Manizales.
[20] Bellman, R.E. (1957) Dynamic Programming. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Copyright © 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.