Three Year Community Based Intervention for Chronic Disease Prevention in Epidemiological and Political Transition Context: Example of Tunisia

Jihen Maatoug^1*, Imed Harrabi¹, Rafika Gaha¹, Larbi Chaieb², Nejib Mrizek³, Souad Amimi⁴, Lamia Boughammoura⁵, Gouider Jeridi⁶, Habib Gamra⁷, Hassen Ghannem¹

¹Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
²Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
³Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
⁴Group of Occupational Health of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
⁵Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
⁶Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
⁷Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia.

DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2015.58036                

Abstract

Objective: Our aim was to determine the effectiveness, feasibility, and necessary cultural adaptations of evidence-based interventions directed at tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity in adults and children in three different sectors: workplace, neighborhood and schools. Materials and Methods: We conducted in Sousse, Tunisia an interventional study through a quasi-experimental design (pre-post with intervention and control groups) to prevent non communicable disease risk factors. The intervention group included different settings and pre and post assessment concerned independent groups (schools with 1929 and 2170 participants, workplaces with 914 and 1098 participants and community with 940 and 1001 participants respectively at pre and post assessment). It was located in the delegation of Sousse Jawhara and Sousse Erriadh. The control group with similar settings (schools with 2074 and 2105 participants, workplaces with 861 and 1015 and community with 940 and 976 participants respectively at pre and post assessment) was located in the delegation of Msaken from the region of Sousse. Results: Tobacco use decreased among neighborhood (26.2% to 23.2%, p = 0.13) workplace (39.2% to 37.5%, p = 0.43) and schools (5.7% to 4.8%, p = 0.19) participants. In control group, it increased significantly in schools and neighborhood. Participants who consumed five fruits and vegetables daily increased significantly in all settings in intervention group (from 30% to 33.2% in schools, 47.5% to 52.1% in workplace and 39.4% to 58.4% in neighborhood). However in control group it increased only in schools and neighborhood. An improvement in physical activity practice was seen both in intervention and control group among adults participants but not in schools. Conclusion: The “Together in Health” project for the prevention of risk factors for NCD is an example of a loco-regional initiative. Such initiatives can only be beneficial with a structure organized by the government.

Keywords

Prevention, Risk Factor, Chronic Disease, Adult, School, Community

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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