|
[1]
|
World Health Organization (WHO) (2009) Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks. WHO Press, Geneva.
|
|
[2]
|
Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration (2014) Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Diabetes Mortality Burden of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors from 1980 to 2010: A Comparative Risk Assessment. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2, 634-647.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70102-0
|
|
[3]
|
Kearney, P.M., Whelton, M., Reynolds, K,, Muntner, P., Whelton, P.K. and He, J. (2005) Global Burden of Hypertension: Analysis of Worldwide Data. The Lancet, 365, 217-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70151-3
|
|
[4]
|
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilancia em Saúde. (2014) Vigitel Brazil 2013: Protective and Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey. Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilancia em Saúde. Ministério da Saúde, Brasília.
|
|
[5]
|
Lee, I.M., Shiroma, E.J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S.N. and Katzmarzyk, P.T., Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group (2012) Effect of Physical Inactivity on Major Non-Communicable Diseases Worldwide: An Analysis of Burden of Disease and Life Expectancy. The Lancet, 380, 219-229.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9
|
|
[6]
|
Pischon, T., Boeing, H., Hoffmann, K., Bergmann, M., Schulze, M.B., Overvad, K., et al. (2008) General and Abdominal Adiposity and Risk of Death in Europe. New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 2105-2120.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0801891
|
|
[7]
|
Kelly, T., Yang, W., Chen, C.S., Reynolds, K. and He, J. (2008) Global Burden of Obesity in 2005 and Projections to 2030. International Journal of Obesity (Lond), 32, 1431-1437.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.102
|
|
[8]
|
Beevers, G., Lip, G.Y.H. and O’Brien, E. (2001) ABC of Hypertension: The Pathophysiology of Hypertension. BMJ, 322, 912-916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7291.912
|
|
[9]
|
Sanjuliani, A.F. (2002) Pathophysiology of Hypertension: Useful Theoretical Concepts for Clinical Practice. Revista SOCERJ, 15, 210-218.
|
|
[10]
|
Carvalho, J.J., Baruzzi, R.G., Howard, P.F., Poulter, N., Alpers, M.P., Franco, L.J., et al. (1989) Blood Pressure in Four Remote Populations in the INTERSALT Study. Hypertension, 14, 238-246.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.14.3.238
|
|
[11]
|
Schlaich, M.P., Klingbeil, A.U., Jacobi, J., Delles, C., Schneider, M.P., Schmidt, B.M., et al. (2002) Altered Aldosterone Response to Salt Intake and Angiotensin II Infusion in Young Normotensive Men with Parental History of Arterial Hypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 20, 117-124.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200201000-00017
|
|
[12]
|
Campos, L.A., Cipolla-Neto, J., Amaral, F.G., Michelini, L.C., Bader, M. and Baltatu, O.C. (2013) The Angiotensin-Melatonin Axis. International Journal of Hypertension, 2013, Article ID: 521783.
|
|
[13]
|
Francischetti, E.A. and Genelhu, V.A. (2007) Obesity-Hypertension: An Ongoing Pandemic. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 61, 269-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01262.x
|
|
[14]
|
Nielsen, S., Guo, Z., Johnson, C.M., Hensrud, D.D. and Jensen, M.D. (2004) Splanchnic Lipolysis in Human Obesity. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 113, 1582-1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI21047
|
|
[15]
|
Hall, J.E., da Silva, A.A., do Carmo, J.M., Dubinion, J., Hamza, S., Munusamy, S., et al. (2010) Obesity-Induced Hypertension: Role of Sympathetic Nervous System, Leptin, and Melanocortins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 17271-17276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R110.113175
|
|
[16]
|
Miall, W.E. and Oldham, P.D. (1963) The Hereditary Factor in Arterial Blood-Pressure. BMJ, 1, 75-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.5323.75
|
|
[17]
|
Ehret, G.B. and Caulfield, M.J. (2013) Genes for Blood Pressure: An Opportunity to Understand Hypertension. European Heart Journal, 34, 951-961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs455
|
|
[18]
|
Bauman, A.E., Reis, R.S., Sallis, J.F., Wells, J.C., Loos, R.J. and Martin, B.W., Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group (2012) Correlates of Physical Activity: Why Are Some People Physically Active and Others Not? Lancet, 380, 258-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60735-1
|
|
[19]
|
Klingberg, F. and Klengel, S. (1993) Lesions in Four Parts of the Basal Forebrain Change Basic Behavior in Rats. NeuroReport, 4, 639-642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199306000-00009
|
|
[20]
|
Simonen, R.L., Perusse, L., Rankinen, T., Rice, T., Rao, D.C. and Bouchard, C. (2002) Familial Aggregation of Physical Activity Levels in the Quebec Family Study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34, 1137-1142.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200207000-00014
|
|
[21]
|
Aaltonen, S., Ortega-Alonso, A., Kujala, U.M. and Kaprio, J. (2010) A Longitudinal Study on Genetic and Environmental Influences on Leisure Time Physical Activity in the Finnish Twin Cohort. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 13, 475-481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.13.5.475
|
|
[22]
|
Ekelund, U., Brage, S., Besson, H., Sharp, S. and Wareham, N.J. (2008) Time Spent Being Sedentary and Weight Gain in Healthy Adults: Reverse or Bidirectional Causality? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 88, 612-617.
|
|
[23]
|
Metcalf, B.S., Hosking, J., Jeffery, A.N., Voss, L.D., Henley, W. and Wilkin, T.J. (2011) Fatness Leads to Inactivity, but Inactivity Does Not Lead to Fatness: A Longitudinal Study in Children. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 96, 942-947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.175927
|
|
[24]
|
Allison, D.B., Faith, M.S. and Nathan, J.S. (1996) Risch’s Lambda Values for Human Obesity. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 20, 990-999.
|
|
[25]
|
Bouchard, C. (2008) Gene-Environment Interactions in the Etiology of Obesity: Defining the Fundamentals. Obesity, 16, S5-S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.528
|
|
[26]
|
Manolio, T.A. (2010) Genomewide Association Studies and Assessment of the Risk of Disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 363, 166-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0905980
|
|
[27]
|
Chorostowska-Wynimko, J. (2002) Mechanism of B2-Agonists Action and Safety Aspects. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski, 12, 441-444.
|
|
[28]
|
Snyder, E.M., Johnson, B.D. and Joyner, M.J. (2008) Genetics of β2-Adrenergic Receptors and the Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 2, 98-105.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e318168f276
|
|
[29]
|
Balligand, J.L. (2013) β3-Adrenoreceptors in Cardiovascular Diseases: New Roles for an “Old” Receptor. Current Drug Delivery, 10, 64-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201811310010011
|
|
[30]
|
Zhang, H., Wu, J. and Yu, L. (2014) Association of Gln27Glu and Arg16Gly Polymorphisms in β2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene with Obesity Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 9, e100489.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100489
|
|
[31]
|
Snyder, E.M., Beck, K.C., Dietz, N.M., Eisenach, J.H., Joyner, M.J., Turner, S.T., et al. (2006) Arg16Gly Polymorphism of the β2-Adrenergic Receptor is Associated with Differences in Cardiovascular Function at Rest and during Exercise in Humans. The Journal of Physiology, 571, 121-30.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2005.098558
|
|
[32]
|
Sipil?inen, R., Uusitupa, M., Heikkinen, S., Rissanen, A. and Laakso, M. (1997) Polymorphism of the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Affects Basal Metabolic Rate in Obese Finns. Diabetes, 46, 77-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.46.1.77
|
|
[33]
|
Villares, S.M., Mancini, M.C., Gomez, S., Charf, A.M., Frazzatto, E. and Halpern, A. (2000) Association between Polymorphism Gln27Glu of β2-Adrenergic Receptor and Hypertension in Morbid Obese. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endo crinologia e Metabologia, 44, 72-80.
|
|
[34]
|
Rauhio, A., Uusi-Rasi, K., Nikkari, S.T., Kannus, P., Siev?nen, H. and Kunnas, T. (2013) Association of the FTO and ADRB2 Genes with Body Composition and Fat Distribution in Obese Women. Maturitas, 76, 165-171.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.07.004
|
|
[35]
|
Macho-Azcarate, T., Marti, A., González, A., Martinez, J.A. and Iba?ez, J. (2002) Gln27Glu Polymorphism in the beta2 Adrenergic Receptor Gene and Lipid Metabolism during Exercise in Obese Women. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 26, 1434-1441.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802129
|
|
[36]
|
Lagou, V., Liu, G., Zhu, H., Stallmann-Jorgensen, I.S., Gutin, B., Dong, Y., et al. (2011) Lifestyle and Socioeconomic-Status Modify the Effects of ADRB2 and NOS3 on Adiposity in European-American and African-American Adolescents. Obesity, 19, 595-603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2010.224
|
|
[37]
|
Ochoa, M.C., Moreno-Aliaga, M.J., Martínez-González, M.A., Martínez, J.A. and Marti, A., GENOI Members (2006) TV Watching Modifies Obesity Risk Linked to the 27Glu Polymorphism of the ADRB2 Gene in Girls. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 1, 83-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17477160600650386
|
|
[38]
|
Nakashima, H., Omae, K., Nomiyama, T., Yamano, Y., Takebayashi, T. and Sakurai, Y. (2013) Beta-3-Adrenergic Receptor Trp64Arg Polymorphism: Does It Modulate the Relationship between Exercise and Percentage of Body Fat in Young Adult Japanese Males? Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 18, 323-329.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12199-012-0325-3
|
|
[39]
|
Saliba, L.F., Reis, R.S., Brownson, R.C., Hino, A.A., Tureck, L.V., Valko, C., et al. (2014) Obesity-Related Gene ADRB2, ADRB3 and GHRL Polymorphisms and the Response to a Weight Loss Diet Intervention in Adult Women. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 37, 15-22.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572014000100005
|
|
[40]
|
Brondani, L.A., Duarte, G.C., Canani, L.H. and Crispim, D. (2014) The Presence of at Least Three Alleles of the ADRB3 Trp64Arg (C/T) and UCP1-3826A/G Polymorphisms Is Associated with Protection to Overweight/Obesity and with Higher High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Caucasian-Brazilian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 12, 16-24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/met.2013.0077
|
|
[41]
|
Wang, L., Zhang, B., Li, M., Li, C., Liu, J., Liu, Y., et al. (2014) Association between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Six Hypertensive Candidate Genes and Hypertension among Northern Han Chinese Individuals. Hypertension Research, 37, 1068-1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hr.2014.124
|
|
[42]
|
Larsen, L.H., Angquist, L., Vimaleswaran, K.S., Hager, J., Viguerie, N., Loos, R.J., et al. (2012) Analyses of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Selected Nutrient-Sensitive Genes in Weight-Regain Prevention: The DIOGENES Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95, 1254-1260.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.016543
|
|
[43]
|
Catalioto, R.M., Valenti, C., Liverani, L., Giuliani, S. and Maggi, C.A. (2013) Characterization of a Novel Proinflammatory Effect Mediated by BK and the Kinin B? Receptor in Human Preadipocytes. Biochemical Pharmacology, 86, 508-520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.005
|
|
[44]
|
Mori, M.A., Araújo, R.C., Reis, F.C., Sgai, D.G., Fonseca, R.G., Barros, C.C., et al. (2008) Kinin B1 Receptor Deficiency Leads to Leptin Hypersensitivity and Resistance to Obesity. Diabetes, 57, 1491-1500.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db07-1508
|
|
[45]
|
Puthucheary, Z., Skipworth, J.R., Rawal, J., Loosemore, M., Van Someren, K. and Montgomery, H.E. (2011) The ACE Gene and Human Performance: 12 Years On. Sports Medicine, 41, 433-448.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11588720-000000000-00000
|
|
[46]
|
Saunders C.J., Xenophontos, S.L., Cariolou, M.A., Anastassiades, L.C., Noakes, T.D. and Collins, M. (2006) The Bradykinin β2 Receptor (BDKRB2) and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3) Genes and Endurance Performance during Ironman Triathlons. Human Molecular Genetics, 15, 979-987.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddl014
|
|
[47]
|
Li, Y.Y., Zhang, H., Xu, J., Qian, Y., Lu, X.Z., Yang, B., et al. (2012) Bradykinin β2 Receptor-58T/C Gene Polymorphism and Essential Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 7, e43068.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043068
|
|
[48]
|
Qadri, F., H?user, W., J?hren, O. and Dominiak, P. (2002) Kinin B1 and B2 Receptor mRNA Expression in the Hypothalamus of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 80, 258-263.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y02-051
|
|
[49]
|
Abe, K.C., Mori, M.A. and Pesquero, J.B. (2007) Leptin Deficiency Leads to the Regulation of Kinin Receptors Expression in Mice. Regulatory Peptides, 138, 56-58.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2006.11.018
|
|
[50]
|
Hettinger, U., Lukasova, M., Lewicka, S. and Hilgenfeldt, U. (2002) Regulatory Effects of Salt Diet on Renal Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone, and Kallikrein-Kinin Systems. International Immunopharmacology, 2, 1975-1980.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(02)00163-7
|
|
[51]
|
Alves, C.R., Alves, G.B., Pereira, A.C., Trombetta, I.C., Dias, R.G., Mota, G.F., et al. (2013) Vascular Reactivity and ACE Activity Response to Exercise Training Are Modulated by the +9/?9 Bradykinin B? Receptor Gene Functional Polymorphism. Physiological Genomics, 45, 487-492.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00065.2012
|
|
[52]
|
Zhou, J.B., Liu, C., Niu, W.Y., Xin, Z., Yu, M., Feng, J.P., et al. (2012) Contributions of Renin-Angiotensin System-Related Gene Interactions to Obesity in a Chinese Population. PLoS ONE, 7, e42881.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042881
|
|
[53]
|
Gu, D., Zhao, Q., Kelly, T.N., Hixson, J.E., Rao, D.C., Cao, J., et al. (2012) The Role of the Kallikrein-Kinin System Genes in the Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure: The GenSalt Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 176, S72-S80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws277
|
|
[54]
|
Montasser, M.E., Gu, D., Chen, J., Shimmin, L.C., Gu, C., Kelly, T.N., et al. (2011) Interactions of Genetic Variants with Physical Activity Are Associated with Blood Pressure in Chinese: The GenSalt Study. American Journal of Hypertension, 24, 1035-1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2011.97
|
|
[55]
|
Srinivasan, V., Ohta, Y., Espino, J., Pariente, J.A., Rodriguez, A.B., Mohamed, M., et al. (2013) Metabolic Syndrome, Its Pathophysiology and the Role of Melatonin. Recent Patents on Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery, 7, 11-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187221413804660953
|
|
[56]
|
Ekmekcioglu, C. (2006) Melatonin Receptors in Humans: Biological Role and Clinical Relevance. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 60, 97-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2006.01.002
|
|
[57]
|
Koziróg, M., Poliwczak, A.R., Duchnowicz, P., Koter-Michalak, M., Sikora, J. and Broncel, M. (2011) Melatonin treatment Improves Blood Pressure, Lipid Profile, and Parameters of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Pineal Research, 50, 261-266.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00835.x
|
|
[58]
|
Xia, Q., Chen, Z.X., Wang, Y.C., Ma, Y.S., Zhang, F., Che, W., et al. (2012) Association between the Melatonin Receptor 1B Gene Polymorphism on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Impaired Glucose Regulation: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 7, e50107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050107
|
|
[59]
|
Huber, M., Treszl, A., Reibis, R., Teichmann, C., Zergibel, I., Bolbrinker, J., et al. (2013) Genetics of Melatonin Receptor Type 2 Is Associated with Left Ventricular Function in Hypertensive Patients Treated According to Guidelines. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 24, 650-655.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2013.03.015
|
|
[60]
|
Yang, J., Liu, J., Liu, J., Li, W., Li, X., He, Y., et al. (2014) Genetic Association Study with Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic-Related Traits in a Cross-Sectional Sample and a 10-Year Longitudinal Sample of Chinese Elderly Population. PLoS ONE, 9, e100548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100548
|
|
[61]
|
Holzapfel, C., Siegrist, M., Rank, M., Langhof, H., Grallert, H., Baumert, J., et al. (2011) Association of a MTNR1B gene Variant with Fasting Glucose and HOMA-B in Children and Adolescents with High BMI-SDS. European Journal of Endocrinology, 164, 205-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-10-0588
|
|
[62]
|
Mirzaei, K., Xu, M., Qi, Q., de Jonge, L., Bray, G.A., Sacks, F., et al. (2014) Variants in Glucose- and Circadian rhythm-Related Genes Affect the Response of Energy Expenditure to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS LOST Trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 99, 392-399.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.072066
|