Different Doses of the Enhanced UV-B Radiation Effects on Wheat Somatic Cell Division

Feifeng Liu^1,2, Huize Chen^1,2, Rong Han^1,2*

¹College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China.
²Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response (Shanxi Normal University) in Shanxi Province, Linfen, China.

DOI: 10.4236/cellbio.2015.42004                

Abstract

Being sessile, plants are continuously exposed to DNA-damaging agents presenting in the environment such as ultraviolet (UV). Sunlight acts as an energy source for photosynthetic plants; hence, avoidance of UV radiations (namely, UV-A, 315 - 400 nm; UV-B, 280 - 315 nm; and UV-C, <280 nm) is unpreventable. DNA in particular strongly absorbs UV-B; therefore, it is the most important target for UV-B induced damages. This paper mainly used different doses of the enhanced UV-B radiation (B₁ group: 4.05 kJ•m^-2•d^-1, B₂ group: 10.08 kJ•m^-2•d^-1, B₃ group: 7.05 kJ•m^-2•d^-1, B₄ group: 23.02 kJ•m^-2•d^-1) treatment wheat, then, explored on the growth of wheat root and wheat root tip cell of chromosome aberration effect. In wheat, root-tip cells were observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the results showed that low doses of B₁ group (4.05 kJ•m^-2•d^-1) promoted the growth of wheat root and cell mitosis frequency. But high dose of B₂ group (10.08 kJ•m^-2•d^-1), B₃ group (17.05 kJ•m^-2•d^-1), B₄ group (23.02 kJ•m^-2•d^-1) inhibited the growth of wheat root tip, and made crooked growth of wheat root, and inhibited the wheat root tip cell mitotic frequency and processed that induce root tip cells of wheat produce all kinds of aberration of chromosome in the interphase containing “multiple nucleoli nuclei”, “incomplete nuclei”, “long round nuclei”, “bean sprouts nucleus”. In mitosis M period contains “dissociative chromosome”, “chromosome bridge”, “adhesion chromosome”, “multi-bundle divide”, “nuclear anomalies”. After, high doses of enhanced UV-B radiation treatment, most of the cell cycle anomaly concentrated in mitosis interphase. In mitosis M period, with UV-B radiation dose enhanced chromosome aberration rate was on the rise and the aberration types also increasing.

Keywords

Wheat, Enhanced UV-B Radiation, Chromosome Aberration, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Lantican, M.A., Dubin, H.J. and Morris, M.L. (2005) Impacts of International Wheat Breeding Research in the Developing World, 1988-2002. CIMMYT, Mexico.
[2]	Zhao, J., Chen, H.Z. and Han, R. (2014) The Effects of He-Ne Laser and Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation on PCNA in Wheat Seedlings. VEGETOS, 27, 17-24.
[3]	Jansen, M.A.K., Gaba, V. and Greenberg, B.M. (1998) Higher Plants and UV-B Radiation Balancing Damage, Repair and Acclimation. Trends in Plant Science, 3, 131-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01215-1
[4]	Jenkins, G.I. (2009) Signal Transduction in Responses to UV-B Radiation. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 60, 407-431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092953
[5]	Taalas, P., Amanatidis, G.T. and Heikkilä, A. (2000) European Conference on Atmospheric UV Radiation: Overview. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 105, 4777-4785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901181
[6]	Chen, H.Z. and Han, R. (2014) He-Ne Laser Treatment Improves the Photosynthetic Efficiency of Wheat Exposed to Enhanced UV-B Radiation. Laser Physics, 24, 10-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1054-660X/24/10/105602
[7]	Schmidt, E.C., Nunes, B.G., Maraschin, M. and Bouzon, Z.L. (2010) Effect of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, and Cell Biology of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) Macroalgae Brown Strain. Photosynthetica, 48, 161-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11099-010-0022-7
[8]	Chen, H.Z. and Han, R. (2015) F-Actin Participates in The Process of the Partition-Bundle Division. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 62, 187-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S102144371502003X
[9]	Dante, R.A., Larkins, B.A. and Sabelli P.A. (2014) Cell Cycle Control and Seed Development. Frontiers in Plant science, 5, 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00493
[10]	Pablo, B.V., Yang, X. Wang, H.J., Chien, T.J. Chuang, M.H., Christopher A.M. and Guang, Y. J. (2013) Arabidopsis Chromosome Transmission Fidelity 7 (AtCTF7/ECO1) Is Required for DNA Repair, Mitosis and Meiosis. Plant Journal, 75, 927-940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12261
[11]	Diaz-Martinez, L.A. and Clarke, D.J. (2009) Chromosome Cohesion and the Spindle Checkpoint. Cell Cycle, 8, 2733-2740. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.8.17.9403
[12]	Zheng, Y.F., Yang, Z.M. and Yan, J.Y. (1996) Biological Response of Crops on Enhanced Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Its Estimation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 7, 107-109.
[13]	Yue, M., Li, Y. and Wang, X.L. (1998) Effects of Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Plant Nutrients and Decomposition of Spring Wheat Under Fiele Condition. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 40, 187-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00036-7
[14]	Chen, T., Wang, X.L. (1999) Influence of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on H2O2 Metabolism in Wheat Leaves. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 19, 284-289.
[15]	Wrighi, L.A. and Murphy, T.M. (1987) UV Radiation Stimulated Efflux of Rubidium from Cultured Tobacco Cell. Plant Physiology, 61, 434-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.61.3.434
[16]	Kramer, G.F., Norman, H.A. and Krizck, D.T. (1991) Influence of UV-B Radiation on Polyamines Lipids Peroxidation and Membrane Lipids Peroxidation and Membrane Lipids in Cucumber. Photochemistry, 30, 210-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83595-C
[17]	Wang, S.Y. and Wang, X.L. (1999) The Tradescantia Micronucleus Test on the Geno-Toxicity of UV-B Radiation. Mutation Research, 4, 151-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(99)00059-7
[18]	Li, F.F., Chen, H.Z. and Han, R. (2015) The Effects of He-Ne Laser and Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Proliferating-Cell Nuclear Antigen in Wheat Seedlings. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6, 1206-1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2015.68124
[19]	Han, R. (2002) Effects of the Enhanced UV-B Radiation on the Body Cell Mitosis of the Wheat. PhD Dissertation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an.
[20]	Han, R., Zheng, Y.F. and Wang, C.H. (2007) Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on the Growth of Aerial Parts and Root of Maize. Ecology and Environment, 2, 323-326.
[21]	Barnes, P.W., Flint, S.D and Caldwell, M.M. (1990) Morphological Responses of Crop and Weel Species of Different Growth forms to UV-B Radiation. American Journal of Botany, 77, 1354-1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2444596
[22]	Gao, L.M., Li, Y.F. and Han, R. (2010) Studies on Effect Metablisms of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on the Wheat Cell Abnormal Motisis. Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 19, 158-164.
[23]	Han, R., Wang, X. L. and Yue, M. (2002) Enhanced UV-B Radiation Effects on Wheat Somatic Cell Division. Acta Genetica Sinica, 29, 537-541.