Monolayers Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Synthetic Artificial Mimic Molecules That Resemble the Following Tetraether Lipids on Silicon Wafers

Sri Vidawati^1*, Ulrich Rothe²

¹Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
²Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr, Halle/Saale, Germany.

DOI: 10.4236/abc.2015.54015                

Abstract

This study investigated the behavior and molecular organization of synthetic artificial mimic molecules that resemble the following tetraether lipids: di-O-hexadecyl-glycero-3-phosphatidyl-glycerol (DHGPG) and bis-4-dodecylphenyl-12-phosphate. These molecules were analyzed using Langmuir film balance, ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. The monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett films of DHGPG and bis-4-dodecylphenyl-12-phosphate were stable on the solid surface silicon wafers. The ellipsometry and AFM results showed that monolayers Langmuir-Blodgett films of DHGPG and bis-4-dodecylphenyl-12-phosphate were present, and the thickness of the observed films varied from 1.2 - 5.0 nm.

Keywords

Di-O-Hexadecyl-Glycero-3-Phosphatidyl-Glycerol (DHGPG), Bis-4-Dodecylphenyl-12-Phosphate, Langmuir-Blodgett Film, Ellipsometry, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Weissbuch, I., Baxter, P.N.W., Cohen, S., Cohen, H., Kjaer, K., Howes, P.B., Als-Nielsen, J., Hanan, G.S., Schubert, U.S., Lehn, J.-M., Leiserowitz, L. and Lahav, M.J. (1998) Self-Assembly at the Air-Water Interface. In-Situ Preparation of Thin Films of Metal Ion Grid Architectures. Journal of the American Chemistry Society, 120, 4850-4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja980205w
[2]	Swift, J.A., Pivovar, A.M., Reynolds, A.M. and Ward, M.D. (1998) Template-Directed Architectural Isomerism of Open Molecular Frameworks:? Engineering of Crystalline Clathrates. Journal of the American Chemistry Society, 120, 5887-5894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja980793d
[3]	Sengupta, K., Schilling, J., Marx, S., Fischer, M., Bacher, A. and Sackmann, E. (2003) Mimicking Tissue Surfaces by Supported Membrane Coupled Ultrathin Layer of Hyaluronic Acid. Langmuir, 19, 1775-1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la026146o
[4]	Stern, J., Freisleben, H.J., Janku, S. and Ring, K. (1992) Black Lipid Membranes of Tetraether Lipids from Thermoplasma acidophilum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1128, 227-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(92)90312-J
[5]	Fuhrhop, J., David, H.H., Mathieu, J., Liman, U., Winter, H.J. and Boekema, E.J. (1986) Bolaamphiphiles and Monolayer Lipid Membranes Made from 1,6,19,24-Tetraoxa-3,21-cyclohexatriacontadiene-2,5,20,23-tetrone. Journal of the American Chemistry Society, 108, 1785-1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00268a013
[6]	Bode, M.L., Buddoo, S.R., Minnaar, S.H. and Du Plessis, C.A. (2008) Extraction, Isolation and NMR Data of the Tetraether Lipid Calditoglycerocaldarchaeol (GDNT) from Sulfolobus metallicus Harvested from a Bioleaching Reactor. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 154, 94-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.02.005
[7]	Vidawati, S., Rothe, U. and Bakowsky, U. (2012) Langmuir Films Stability Phenomenon of Glycerol Dialkyl Nonitol Tetraether at the Air-Water Interface for Variations Spreading Time. Advances in Biological Chemistry, 2, 233-237. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/abc.2012.23028
[8]	Vidawati, S., Sitterberg, J., Bakowsky, U. and Rothe, U. (2010) AFM and Ellipsometric Studies on LB Films of Natural Asymmetric and Symmetric Bolaamphiphilic Archaebacterial Tetraether Lipids on Silicon Wafers. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 78, 303-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.03.015
[9]	Vidawati, S., Sitterberg, J., Rothe, U. and Bakowsky, U. (2011) Stability of Monomolecular Films of Archaebacterial Tetraether Lipids on Silicon Wafers: A Comparison of Physisorbed and Chemisorbed Monolayers. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 87, 209-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.005
[10]	Bakowsky, U., Rothe, U., Antonopoulos, E., Martini, T., Henkel, L. and Freisleben, H.J. (2000) Monomolecular Organization of the Main Tetraether Lipid from Thermoplasma acidophilum at the Water-Air Interface. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 105, 31-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-3084(99)00131-0
[11]	Gabriel, J.L., Chong, P.L.G. (2000) Molecular Modeling of Archaebacterial Bipolar Tetraether Lipid Membranes. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 105, 193-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-3084(00)00126-2
[12]	Rolandi, R., Schindler, H., De Rosa, M. and Gambacorta, A. (1986) Monolayers of Ether Lipids from Archaebacteria, European Biophysics Journal, 14, 19-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260399
[13]	Dote, J.L., Barger, W.R., Behroozi, F., Chang, E.L., Lo, S.L., Montague, C.E. and Nagumo, M. (1990) Monomolecular Film Behavior of Tetraether Lipids from a Thermoacidophilic Archaebacterium at the Air/Water Interface. Langmuir, 6, 1017-1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00095a023
[14]	Elferinck, M.G.L., De Wit, J.G., Demel, R., Driessen, A.J.M. and Konings, W.N.J. (1992) Functional Reconstitution of Membrane Proteins in Monolayer Liposomes from Bipolar Lipids of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267, 1375-1381.
[15]	De Rosa, M. (1996) Archaeal Lipids: Structural Features and Supramolecular Organization. Thin Solid Films, 284-285, 13-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(96)08832-3
[16]	Dante, S., De Rosa, M., Maccioni, B., Morana, A., Nicolini, C., Rustichelli, F., Troitsky, V.I. and Yang, B. (1995) Thermal, stability of bipolar lipid Langmuir Blodgett films by X-Ray diffraction. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology, 262, 191-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259508033525