Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Hemodialysis

Imen Gorsane, Madiha Mahfoudhi^*, Fathi Younsi, Imed Helal, Taieb Ben Abdallah

Internal Medicine A Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.

DOI: 10.4236/ojneph.2015.52009                

Abstract

The prevalence of hypertension in iterative hemodialysis (HD) remains high and was associated with a high morbidity and mortality. It was a single-center retrospective study including 124 pa-tients on chronic HD in our unit. The prevalence of hypertension was determined from blood pressure (BP) monitoring in beginning, middle and end of dialysis. We defined hypertension as systolic BP (SBP) greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mmHg on at least two measures. We have established a comparative study between the group of hypertensive dialysis and those not hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension was 69.35% (86/124). The mean age was 57.15 years with a sex ratio of 1.2. Echocardiograms, performed in 64.5% of patients, showed a high prevalence of cardiac consequences of hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy in 80% of patients and an average ejection fraction of 62%. Diabetes, dialysis one session per week and the non-compliance with lifestyle and dietary rules were significantly associated with hypertension in HD in our study. The effect of HD on BP is dose-dependent. The reduction of BP allows a lower risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality in hypertensive patients.

Keywords

Hemodialysis, Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Ultrafiltration, Volume Expansion

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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