Heart Rate Variability: On the Importance to Perform HRV Analysis in Subjects Affected from Muscular Dystrophy

Elio Conte^1,2*, Ken Ware³, Riccardo Marvulli^1,4, Giancarlo Ianieri^1,4, Marisa Megna^1,4, Sergio Conte¹, Leonardo Mendolicchio¹, Enrico Pierangeli¹

¹School of Advanced International Studies on Applied Theoretical and Non Linear Methodologies of Physics, Bari, Italy.
²Department of Basic Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
³The International Neuro Physics Functional Performance Institute, Energy Circuit, Robina, Australia.
⁴Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.

DOI: 10.4236/wjcd.2015.56017                

Abstract

This paper discusses a case of muscular dystrophy on which it has been performed HRV analysis. The results that we obtain evidence that the subject delineates a net ANS dysfunction. All the basic parameters relating standard time and frequency domain of HRV analysis result profoundly altered. Examination by Poicaré plot evidences in particular that the subject has an atrial fibrillation. Non linear indexes ApEn and Samp En evidence the very high condition of risk of the subject. The merging indication is for the cardiologist and scholars in cardiovascular disease to perform always ANS investigation in subjects in case of muscular dystrophy. After the NPT treatment, the subject obtains a net improvement.

Keywords

ANS Dysfunction in Muscular Dystrophy, HRV Analysis, Atrial Fibrillation

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Tsuji, H., Larson, M.G., Venditti Jr., F.J., Manders, E.S., Evans, J.C. and Feldman, C.L. (1996) Impact of Reduced Heart Rate Variability on Risk for Cardiac Events. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 94, 2850-2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.94.11.2850
[2]	Stein, P.K. and Kleiger, R.E. (1999) Insights from the Study of Heart Rate Variability. Annual Review of Medicine, 50, 249-261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.249
[3]	Conte, E., Giroldini, W., Laterza, V., Conte, S., Pieralice, M., Casciaro, F., De Masi De Luca, G., Giuliano, A.F.M., Mendolicchio, L. and Todarello, O. (2014) Experimental Results on a New Method for Analysis of Heart Rate Variability. World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 4, 385-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjcd.2014.48048
[4]	Conte, E., Federici, A. and Zbilut, J.P. (2009) A New Method Based on Fractal Variance Function for Analysis and Quantification of Sympathetic and Vagal Activity in Variability of R-R Time Series in ECG Signals. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 41, 1416-1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2008.05.025
[5]	Conte, E. (2014) A New Method for Analysis of Heart Rate Variability, Asymmetry and BRS. Chaos and Complexity Letters, 8, 8-15.
[6]	McNally, E.M. and Sparano, D. (2011) Mechanisms and Management of the Heart in Myotonic Dystrophy. Heart, 97, 1094-1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2010.214197
[7]	Groh, W.J., Groh, M.R., Saha, C., Kincaid, J.C., Simmons, Z. and Ciofaloni, E. (2008) Electrocardiographic Abnormalities and Sudden Death in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. New England Journal of Medicine, 358, 2688-2697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa062800
[8]	Olofsson, B.O., Niklasson, U., Forsberg, H., Bjerle, P., Anderson, S. and Henriksson, A. (1990) Assessment of Autonomic Nerve Function in Myotonic Dystrophy. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System, 29, 187-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1838(90)90144-8
[9]	den Heijer, J.C., van Dijk, J.G., Bollen, W.L., Bos, J.E. and Wintzen, A.R. (1991) Assessment of Autonomic Function in Myotonic Dystrophy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry, 54, 531-534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.54.6.531
[10]	Inoue, K., Ogata, H., Matsui, M., Hayano, J., Miyake, S., Kumashiro, M., et al. (1995) Assessment of Autonomic Function in Myotonic Dystrophy by Spectral Analysis of Heart-Rate Variability. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System, 55, 131-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1838(95)00040-5
[11]	Flachenecker, P., Schneider, C., Cursiefen, S., Ricker, K., Toyka, K.V. and Reiners, K. (2003) Assessment of Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2 (DM2/PROMM). Neuromuscular Disorders, 13, 289- 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8966(02)00277-8
[12]	Hardin, B.A., Lowe, M.R., Bhakta, D. and Groh, W.J. (2003) Heart Rate Variability Declines with Increasing Age and CTG Repeat Length in Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 8, 227- 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1542-474X.2003.08310.x
[13]	Di Leo, R., Rodolico, C., De Gregorio, C., Recupero, A., Cogliatore, S. and Annesi, G. (2004) Cardiovascular Autonomic Control in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Correlative Study with Clinical and Genetic Data. Neuromuscular Disorders, 14, 136-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2003.11.002
[14]	Rakocevic-Stojanovic, V., Milovanovic, B., Ivic, N., Ille, T., Marjanovic, I., Stevic, Z., et al. (2007) Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System in Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Acta Myologica, 26, 112-114.
[15]	Ware, K., Conte, E., Marvulli, R., Ianieri, G., Megna, M., Pierangeli, E., Conte, S., Mendolicchio, L. and Pellegrino, F. (2015) Case Report: Generalized Mutual Information (GMI) Analysis of Sensory Motor Rhythm in a Subject Affected by Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy after Ken Ware Treatment. World Journal of Neuroscience, 5, 67-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2015.52008
[16]	Ware, K., Conte, E.., Marvulli, R., Ianieri, G., Megna, M., Pierangeli, E., Conte, S., Mendolicchio, L. and Pellegrino, F. (2015) Analysis of the Autonomic Regulation in a Case of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy after Ken Ware Treatment. World Journal of Neuroscience, 5, 162-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2015.52018
[17]	Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (1996) Heart Rate Variability. Standards of Measurement, Physiologic Interpretation, and Clinical Use. Circulation, 93, 1043-1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043