Completion of Maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Therapy Might Prolong Recurrence-Free Survival in Patients with Non Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Zaher Bahouth^1,2*, Ismail Masarwa^1,2, Ofer Nativ^1,2, Sarel Halachmi^1,2

¹Department of Urology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
²Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.

DOI: 10.4236/oju.2015.56012                

Abstract

Objective: The aim of our study was to compare recurrence-free survival between patients who completed treatment with maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and patients who did not complete the planned treatment. Materials and Methods: Data on 115 patients with intermediate- and high-risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) who were treated with BCG were available for analysis. Patients were categorized into 4 groups based on treatment duration: patients who completed three years of maintenance treatment, patients who stopped treatment while on maintenance, patients who were still on-treatment and patients who were treated with induction course only. Results: Of 115 patients, 86 were men and 29 were women with mean age of 67.8 (range 40 - 93) years. 51% had high-grade tumors and 49% had low-grade tumors. Seventy-three patients (63%) had multiple tumors. Thirty patients (26%) were treated with induction-only, 18 patients (16%) are on-treatment, 14 patients (12%) finished maintenance protocol and 53 patients (46%) discontinued treatment. Reasons for stopping treatment were disease recurrence in 13 patients and toxicity in 40 patients. 5-year recurrence-free survival was 100%, 63%, 60% and 56% in patients who completed maintenance treatment, stopped during maintenance treatment, were on-treatment and those who received induction only therapy, respectively. Conclusions: Patients should be encouraged to adhere to maintenance BCG treatment because of its favorable effect on recurrence-free survival probability.

Keywords

Bladder Cancer, BCG, Induction Therapy, Maintenance Treatment

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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