Eosinophil MBP Extract Modulates Oncogene Expression in Prostate Tumor Cells: A Preliminary Study with Monolayer Cultures

Christine A. Clarke^1,2, Michael A. Smith^1,2,3, Ibrahim Laniyan^1,2, Theresa R. Vaughn², Debra Parish-Gause², William Green⁴, Paulette M. Furbert-Harris^1,2,5*

¹Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
²Howard University Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
³Carolina’s Hospital System Marion, Mullins, SC, USA.
⁴Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
⁵National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.

DOI: 10.4236/jct.2015.66052                

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and remains a significant health concern for men throughout the world. Despite the discovery of promising immunotherapeutic strategies, curative outcomes remain elusive. We have investigated eosinophils as potential anti-cancer effector cells, and have reported the ability of their toxic granular proteins (MBP, EPO, ECP, EDN) to inhibit prostate tumor cell growth in vitro. This study investigates the effect of eosinophil MBP extract on the expression of oncogenes p53, bcl-xl, bax, and c-myc, which modulate tumor growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Briefly, granular proteins were differentially extracted from GRC.014.22 and GRC.014.24, eosinophilic cell lines established in our laboratory from a patient with moderate asthma. Protein extracts were fractionated on Sephadex G-50 columns, and prostate tumor cell lines DU-145, LNCaP, PC-3, and HPC8L (established in our laboratory from a tumor resected from an African American patient) were treated with MBP extracts from the pooled third peaks. Colony formation and monolayer cell growth inhibition assays were used to evaluate the protein’s growth inhibitory activity against prostate tumor cells; and gene expression analyses, to determine p53, bcl-xl, bax, and c-myc oncogene expression. We show that the granular proteins were potent in their action on HPC8L, inhibiting colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. Treated prostate tumor cell lines trended toward apoptosis-induction, as evident in bcl-xl/bax ratios < 1, increased p53 expression, and up or downregulation of c-myc. These preliminary results demonstrate the growth inhibitory potential of eosinophil granular proteins and strongly support the hypothesis that eosinophils modulate the expression of oncogenes associated with prostate tumor proliferation and apoptosis. More importantly, this study offers insights into possible applications of eosinophilic mediators in oncogenic-targeted prostate cancer treatment strategies and demonstrates the potential therapeutic implications of enhancing eosinophilic activity in prostate cancer.

Keywords

Eosinophils, Major Basic Protein (MBP), Prostate Cancer, HPC8L, Oncogenes

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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