Harmonic Contributions of Utility and Customer Based on Load Model Using Field Measurements

Ömer Gül, Tayfun Gündoğdu

Department of Electrical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.

DOI: 10.4236/jpee.2015.35002                

Abstract

In recent years, sinusoidal waveform of the current and voltage disturbs in the electrical distribution system because of the due to the increasing number of non-linear loads. Many standards of IEC and IEEE standards have been published in order to limit the voltage and current waveform distortion. The operators of the electricity distribution network widely use the power quality monitoring systems at the point of common connection (PCC). It has been identified that there are substantial number of harmonic currents excess of the standards transferred to the grid according to the data obtained from power quality monitoring systems. In case of exceeding the limits specified in the standards, there is a need to determine the network and customer responsibilities for the implementation of required sanctions. In this study, using recorded data at the PCC of a medium voltage electrical distribution system, voltage and current harmonic distortion responsibilities of the network and customer are determined by the improved harmonic current vector method. Up-to-date load model based on field measurement which provides more accurate results has been used instead of the constant load impedance in the proposed method.

Keywords

Harmonic Contributions, Harmonic Distortion Load Model, Norton Equivalent

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Dugan, R.C., et al. (2002) Electrical Power Systems Quality. 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
[2]	Gul, O., Kaypmaz, A. and Tanrioven, M. (2004) A Novel Three-Phase Time Domain Load Modelling Technique Using Instantaneous Symmetrical Components. European Transactions on Electrical Power, 14, 361-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.28
[3]	Gül, Ö. (2004) Identification of Three Phase Generic Load Model Parameters Using Field Measurements. IEEE MELECON2004, Dubrovnik.
[4]	Katic, V.A., Mujovic, S.V., Radulovic, V.M. and Radovic, J.S. (2011) The Impact of the Load Side Parameters on PC Cluster’s Harmonics Emission. Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 11, 103-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4316/AECE.2011.01017
[5]	Gül, Ö. and Milanovic, J. (2000) Sensitivity of Harmonic Load Model Parameters to Voltage and Current Waveforms. The International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, Orlando.
[6]	Qian, K., Zhou, C., Allan, M. and Yuan, Y. (2011) Effect of Load Models on Assessment of Energy Losses in Distributed Generation Planning. IJEPES, 33, 1243-1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2011.04.003
[7]	Stojanovic, D.P., Korunovic, L.M. and Milanovic, J.V. (2008) Dynamic Load Modelling Based on Measurements in Medium Voltage Distribution Network. EPSR, 78, 228-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2007.02.003
[8]	Liang, X., et al. (2012) Dynamic Load Models for Industrial Facilities. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 27, 69-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2161781
[9]	Farhoodnea, M., Mohamed, A., Shareef, H. and Zayandehroodi, H. (2012) An Enhanced Method for Contribution Assessment of Utility and Customer Harmonic Distortions in Radial and Weakly Meshed Distribution Systems. IJEPES, 43, 222-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.05.013
[10]	Thunberg, E. and Soder, L. (1999) A Norton Approach to Distribution Network Modeling for Harmonic Studies. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 14, 272-277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.736738
[11]	Fan, R.R., et al. (2013) A Method for Assessing Customer Harmonic Emission Level Based on the Iterative Algorithm for Least Square Estimation, Engineering, 5, 6-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.59B002
[12]	Srinivasan, K. (1996) On Separating Customer and Supply Side Harmonic Contributions. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 11, 1003-1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.489362
[13]	IEEE Std 519-1992, IEEE Recommended Pradice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems.
[14]	Xu, W. and Liu, Y. (2000) A Method for Determining Customer and Utility Harmonic Contributions at the Point of Common Coupling. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 15, 804-811.
[15]	Bergeron, R. and Slimani, K. (1999) A Method for the Determination of the Customer Share of the Contribution to the Level of Harmonic Voltage on an Electric Network. Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 1, 354-360.
[16]	Chen, C.Y., Liu, X.L., Koval, D., Xu, W. and Tayjasanant, T. (2004) Critical Impedance Method—A New Detecting Harmonic Sources Method in Distribution Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 19, 288-297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2003.820424
[17]	Hamzah, N., Mohamed, A. and Hussain, A. (2005) Identification of Harmonic Source at the Point of Common Coupling Based on Voltage Indices. Jurnal Teknologi, 43, 11-32.
[18]	Li, C. and Xu, W. (2002) On Defining Harmonic Contributions at the Point of Common Coupling. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 45-46.
[19]	Bergeron, R. and Slimani, K. (1999) Method for an Equitable Allocation of the Cost of Harmonics in an Electrical Network. Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 1, 347-353.
[20]	Cristaldi, L. and Ferrero, A. (1995) Harmonic Power Flow Analysis for the Measurement of the Electric Power Quality. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 44, 683-685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.387308
[21]	Xu, W., Liu, X. and Liu, Y. (2003) An Investigation on the Validity of Power Direction Method for Harmonic Source Determination. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 18, 214-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2002.803842
[22]	Davis, E.J., Emanuel, A.E. and Pileggi, D.J. (1996) Evaluation of Single Point Measurements Method for Harmonic Pollution Cost Allocation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 11, 1003-1008.
[23]	Pfajfar, T., Blazic, B. and Papic, I. (2008) Harmonic Contributions Evaluation with the Harmonic Current Vector Method. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 23, 425-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2007.911165
[24]	Varadan, S. and Makram, E.B. (1993) Generalized Load Modeling in the Presence of Hamonics and Distorion. The 25th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST’93), 124-128.
[25]	ANSI/IEEE (1993) IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems. Standard, ANSI/IEEE 519, IEEE, New York.