Esthesioneuroblastoma, Thyroid Gland Carcinoma and Gastrointestinal Stromal Carcinoma

Plamen Nedev

Department of Neurosurgery and ENT Medical University Varna, Bulgaria and University Hospital, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology “St. Marina”, Varna, Bulgaria.

DOI: 10.4236/ijohns.2015.43034                

Abstract

Olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma, ЕNB) is a rare tumor arising from the olfactory neuroepithelium. We report a case of ЕNB located in inferior nasal concha, combined with thyroid gland carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal carcinoma in a 77-year-old man. The tumor was resected endonasally. When the final diagnosis of olfactory neuroblastoma was confirmed by histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical staining, the PET/CT examination was performed. The imaging revealed a small focus of a moderately increased cancer activity in the thyroid region. A gastrointestinal stromal carcinoma was detected one year after the resection of the thyroid gland. We discuss the clinical appearance of ENB, staging systems, diagnosis and management. During the endonasal surgery, ENB was removed entirely. Seven days after operation, in order to monitor the postoperative result, PET/CT was performed and a papillary thyroid cancer was detected. One year after the thyroid surgery, gastroendoscopy showed a neoplastic formation in the stomach. In conclusion, we state that when identified as aggressive tumors such as ENB, it is necessary to provide regular examinations in order to detect distant ENB metastases or other neoplastic localisations.

Keywords

Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory Neuroblastoma, Thyroid Gland Carcinoma, Gastrointestinal Stromal Carcinoma (GIST)

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Sampath, P., Park, M.C., Huang, D., Deville, C., Cortez, S. and Chougule, P. (2006) Esthesioneuroblastoma (Olfactory Neuroblastoma) with Hemorrhage: An Unusual Presentation. Skull Base, 16, 169-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-939677
[2]	Lee, J.Y. and Kim, H.K. (2007) Primary Olfactory Neuroblastoma Originating from the Inferior Meatus of the Nasal Cavity. American Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery, 28, 196-200.
[3]	Berger, L. and Luc, R. (1924) L’Estesioneuroepitheliome olfactif. Buletin de L’Association francaise pour l’etudede de Cancer, 13, 410-421.
[4]	Arnol, P.M., Habib, A., Newell, K. and Anderson, K.K. (2009) Esthesioneuroblastoma Metastatic to the Thoracic Intradural and Extradural Space. The Spine Journal, 9, 1-5.
[5]	de Santana Sarmento, D.J., et al. (2012) Aggressive Olfactory Neuroblastoma Invading the Oral Cavity: Report of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 70, 252-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2011.11.020
[6]	Bak, M. and Wein, R.O. (2012) Esthesioneuroblastoma: A Contemporary Review of Diagnosis and Management. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, 26, 1185-1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hoc.2012.08.005
[7]	Bragg, T.M., Scianna, J., Kassam, A., et al. (2009) Clinicopathological Review: Esthesioneuroblastoma. Neurosurgery, 64, 764-770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000338948.47709.79
[8]	Yu, T., Xu, Y.K., Li, L., Jia, F.G., Duan, G., Wu, Y.K., Li, H.Y., Yang, R.M., Feng, J., Ye, X.H. and Qiu, Y.W. (2009) Esthesioneuroblastoma Methods of Intracranial Extension: CT and MR Imaging Findings. Neuroradiology, 51, 841-850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-009-0581-0
[9]	Thompson, L.D. (2009) Olfactory Neuroblastoma. Head and Neck Pathology, 3, 252-259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12105-009-0125-2
[10]	Ferreira, M.C.F., Tonoli, C., Varoni, A.C.C., Gusmon, C.C., Alvarenga, M., Chagas, J.F. and Pascoal, M.B.N. (2007) Esthesioneuroblastoma. Revista de Ciências Médicas Campinas, 16, 193-198.
[11]	Holland, H., Koschny, R., Kruppd, W., Meixensberger, J., Bauer, M., Kirsten, H. and Ahnert, P. (2007) Comprehensive Cytogenetic Characterization of an Esthesioneuroblastoma. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 173, 89-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.09.024
[12]	Gondim, J., Ramos Jr., F., Azevedo, J., Carrero Jr., F.P. and Tella Jr., O.I. (2002) Esthesioneuroblastoma: A Case Report. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 60, 303-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X2002000200024
[13]	Dulguerov, P. and Calcaterra, T. (1992) Esthesioneuroblastoma: The UCLA Experience 1970-1990. Laryngoscope, 102, 843-849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-199208000-00001
[14]	Pickuth, D., Heywang-Kobrunner, S.H. and Spielmann, R.P. (1999) Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Olfactory Neuroblastoma: An Analysis of 22 Cases. Clinical Otolaryngology, 24, 346-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2273.1999.00295.x
[15]	Shirzadi, A.S., Drazin, D.G., Strickland, A.S., Bannykh, S.I. and Patrick Johnson, J. (2013) Vertebral Column Metastases from an Esthesioneuroblastoma: Chemotherapy, Radiation, and Resection for Recurrence with 15-Year Follow- Up. Case Reports in Surgery, 2013, 8 p.
[16]	Dulguerov, P., Allal, A.S. and Calcaterra, T.C. (2001) Esthesioneuroblastoma: A Meta-Analysis and Review. The Lancet Oncology, 2, 683-690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(01)00558-7
[17]	Kadish, S., Goodman, M. and Wang, C.C. (1976) Olfactory Neuroblastoma—A Clinical Analysis of 17 Cases. Cancer, 37, 1571-1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(197603)37:3<1571::AID-CNCR2820370347>3.0.CO;2-L
[18]	Hyams, V.J. (1988) Olfactory Neuroblastoma. In: Hyams, V.J., Baksakis, J.G. and Michaels, L., Eds., Tumors of the Upper Respiratory Tract and Ear, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC, 240-248.
[19]	Lund, V., Howard, D., Wei, W. and Spittle, M. (2003) Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Past, Present, and Future? The Laryngoscope, 113, 502-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200303000-00020
[20]	Petruzzelli, G.J., Howell, J.B., Pederson, A., Origitano, T.C., Byrne, R.W., Munoz, L., Emami, B. and Clark, J.I. (2015) Multidisciplinary Treatment of Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Patterns of Failure and Management of Recurrence. American Journal of Otolaryngology, in Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.02.008