Analysis of Risk Factors Sociodemographic for the Functional Dependence of Adults with Spinal Cord Injury

Roberta de Araújo e Silva¹, Priscila Alencar Mendes Reis¹, Zuila Maria de Figueiredo Carvalho^1*, Ana Karina Bezerra Pinheiro¹, Lorena Barbosa Ximenes¹, Maria Aparecida Alves de Oliveira²

¹Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
²Federal University of Maranh?o, Imperatriz, Brazil.

DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2015.84027                

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the odds ratio of risk factors of sociodemographic and functional capacity of adults with spinal cord injury. Methods: Analytical, cross-sectional, quantitative study accomplished with a group of 47 people with spinal cord injury in hospitals and 27 in the household. The data were collected through a structured instrument composed of independent variables related to epidemiological and clinical data on spinal cord injury and dependent variables corresponding to the scale of the Barthel Index (BI). The data were analysed with the two-tailed chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as an estimate of the risk. The level of significance was set at a p value ≤0.05. Results: It was found that males (OR = 4.804, p = 0.041), the education less than ten years (OR = 3.000, p = 0.036), the hospital care (OR = 5.250, p = 0.002) and injury time less than six months (OR = 5.250, p = 0.002) are sociodemographic factors that are associated with the functional capacity of individuals with spinal cord injury. Moreover, the total dependence (p < 0.001) and severe dependence (p = 0.019) are associated with quadricplegia. It was found that males (p = 0.041), the education less than ten years (p = 0.036), attention to hospital health (p = 0.002) and minor injury time less than six months (p = 0.002) are sociode-mographic factors associated with functional capacity of subjects. Conclusion: As a result, it was found that knowing the epidemiological and clinical factors of people with spinal cord injury is relevant to plan the nursing care. In other words, knowing the epidemiological and clinical factors of people with spinal cord injury is relevant to achieve the functional independence of these people, and it was demonstrated that the social determinants of health are interrelated and interdependent of chronic health conditions, as evidenced by the Care Model for Chronic Conditions.

Keywords

Spinal Cord Injury, Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health, Nursing

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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