Prevalence of Hydatid Cyst in Slaughtered Livestock in Kermanshah (West Iran)

Reza Faraji¹, Gholam Reza Javadi², Parisa Mohamadi Barshahi³, Fereshte Ahmadian⁴, Mohammadtaghi Sarebanhassanabadi¹, Ali Dehghani Firoozabadi¹, Abdol Rasoul Moloudi^5*

¹Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
²Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
³Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
⁴Clinical Biochemistry, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
⁵Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Imam Ali Heart Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

DOI: 10.4236/aim.2015.54023                

Abstract

Background: Hydatidosis or echinococcosis is one of the most important economic and public health problems in many regions of the world that livestock are kept such as Iran. This study was to determine the prevalence of hydatid cyst in slaughtered livestock in Kermanshah (west Iran) (2012). Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on all slaughtered livestock during 24 months period, from March 2012 until February 2013. 70,020 carcasses were observed and inspected (including: 24,507 cattle, 35,010 sheep and 10,503 goats). All cysts were examined under direct microscopy for determine the kind of cysts (fertile and infertile cyst). Results: The prevalence of hydatid cyst was 2.20% in cattle, 2.78% in sheep and 0.19% in goat. Liver in cattle with 1.42%, in sheep with 2.25%, and in goat with 0.13% was contaminated. Also lung in cattle with 0.76%, in sheep with 0.53%, and in goat with 0.06% was contaminated. Heart was contaminated only in cattle with 0.024%. Sheep with 45% and goat with 90.47% had highest fertile cyst and infertile cyst, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of hydatid cyst in slaughtered livestock in Kermanshah was lowest, as compared with other regions of Iran. Despite this, hygienic programs should be done in order to decrease, control and prevent of parasitic infection.

Keywords

Hydatid Cyst, Slaughtered Livestock, Iran

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Sabzi, F., Ghasemi, F., Madani, H. and Faraji, R. (2013) Hydatid Cyst of the Right Atrium Wall. EMHJ, 19, S220-S223.
[2]	Sabzi, F. and Faraji, R. (2013) A Giant Hydatid Cyst in the Interventricular Septum with Papillary Muscle Involvement. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 51, 349-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.3.349
[3]	Sabzi, F. and Faraji, R. (2014) Hydatid Cyst of the Interventricular Septum Causing Complete Heart Block and Postoperative Ventricular Septal Defect. IJCCM, 18, 473-475.
[4]	Palmer, S.R., Biffin, A.H.B., Craig, P.S. and Walters, T.M.H. (1996) Control of Hydatid Disease in Wales. BMJ, 312, 674-675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7032.674
[5]	Paykari, H., Karimi, Gh.R., Motamedi, Gh.R., Abshar, N. and Navidpour, S. (2007) A Serological Survey for Hydatidosis among Buffaloes in Orumia. Archives of Razi Institute, 62, 101-104.
[6]	Paykari, H., Heath, D.D., Dalimi, A.H., Karimi, Gh.R. and Motamedi, Gh.R. (2008) Experimental Vaccination of Sheep against Hydatid Cyst Using EG95 Recombinant Vaccine. Archives of Razi Institute, 63, 29-34.
[7]	Rostami Nejad, M., Jahani-Sherafat, S., Cheraghipour, K., Nazemallhoseini Mojarad, E., Taghipour, N. and Zali, M.R. (2012) Hydatic Cyst Prevalence in Slaughtered Animals, a Neglected Health Problem. JPS, 3, 2008-4978.
[8]	Rostami Nejad, M., Nazemalhosseini Mojarad, E. and Fasihi Harandi, M. (2010) Echinococcosis: Based on Molecular Studies in Iran. Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench, 3, 169-176.
[9]	Romig, T. (2003) Epidemiology of Echinococcosis. Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery, 388, 17-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-003-0413-3
[10]	Hazrati Tappe, K., Mousavi, S.J. and Barazesh, A. (2011) Prevalence and Fertility of Hydatid Cyst in Slaughtered Livestock of Urmia City, Northwest Iran. Journal of Parasitology and Vector Biology, 3, 29-32.
[11]	Tavakoli, H.R., Bayat, M. and Kousha, A. (2008) Hydatidosis Infection Study in Human and Livestock Populations during 2002-2007. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 4, 473-477.
[12]	Ahmadi, N.A. and Meshkehkar, M. (2010) Prevalence and Long Term Trend of Liver Fluke Infections in Sheep, Goats and Cattle Slaughtered in Khuzestan, Southwestern Iran. JPS, 1, 26-31.
[13]	Hosseini, S.H. and Eslami, A. (1998) Morphological and Developmental Characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus Derived from Sheep, Cattle and Camels in Iran. Journal of Helminthology, 72, 337-341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00016709
[14]	Ansari-Lari, M. (2005) A Retrospective Survey of Hydatidosis in Livestock in Shiraz, Iran Based on Abattoir Data during 1999-2004. Veterinary Parasitology, 133, 119-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.031
[15]	Daryani, A., Alaei, R., Arab, R., Sharif, M., Dehghan, M.H. and Ziaei, H. (2006) Prevalence of Liver Fluke Infections in Slaughtered Animals in Ardabil Province. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5, 408-411.
[16]	Bortoletti, G., Gabriele, F. and Seu, V. (1990) Epidemiology of Hydatid Disease in Sardines. Journal of Helminthology, 64, 216-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00012189
[17]	Ellis, J.A., Chavera, A.E.V. and DeMartini, J.C. (1993) Disease Conditions in Slaughtered Sheep from Small Holder Flocks in Peru. Small Ruminant Research, 10, 243-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(93)90129-6
[18]	Sadjjadi, S.M., Ardehali, S., Noman-Pour, B., Kumar, V. and Izadpanah, A. (2001) Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis: Ultrasound Imaging or Countercurrent Immunoelectrophoresis. The Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 7, 907-911.
[19]	Chow, C., Gauci, C.G., Vural, G., Jenkins, J.J., Heath, D.D., Rosenzvit, M.C., Harandi, M.F. and Lightowlers, M.W. (2008) Echinococcus granulosus: Variability of the Host-Protective EG95 Vaccine Antigen in G6 and G7 Genotypic Variants. Experimental Parasitology, 119, 499-505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2008.01.004
[20]	Sadjjadi, S.M. (2006) Present Situation of Echinococcosis in the Middle East and Arabic North Africa. Parasitology International, 55, S197-S202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.030
[21]	Ito, A., Okamoto, M., Li, T., Wandra, T., Dharmawan, N.S., Swastika, K.I., Dekumyoy, P., Kusolsuk, T., Davvajav, A., Davaasuren, A., Dorjsuren, T., Mekonnen, S.M., Negasi, Z.H., Yanagida, T., Sako, Y., Nakao, M., Nakaya, K., Lavikainen, A.J., Nkouawa, A. and Mohammadzadeh, T. (2011) The First Workshop towards the Control of Cestode Zoonoses in Asia and Africa. Parasites & Vectors, 4, 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-4-114
[22]	Scala, A., Garippa, G., Varcasia, A. and Tranquilloand, V.M. (2006) Cystic Echinococcosis in Slaughtered Sheep in Sardinia (Italy). Veterinary Parasitology, 135, 33-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.08.006
[23]	Saeed, I., Kapel, C., Saida, L.A., Willingham, L. and Nansen, P. (2000) Epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus in Arbil Province, Northern Iraq, 1990-1998. Journal of Helminthology, 74, 83-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00000111
[24]	Molan, A.L. (1993) Epidemiology of Hydatidosis and Echinococcosis Theqar Province Southern Iraq. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology, 46, 29-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7883/yoken1952.46.29
[25]	Anwar, A.H., Haq, A.U., Gill, S.A. and Chaudhry, A.H. (1993) Prevalence and Fertility Ratio of Hydatid Cyst in Slaughtered Sheep and Goats at Faisalabad. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 13, 79-81.