Rebalancing Quality Education in a Democratic Society
Amy T. Belcastro
Southern Oregon University, Ashland, USA.
DOI: 10.4236/ce.2015.64043   PDF    HTML   XML   3,809 Downloads   5,107 Views   Citations

Abstract

The integrity of democracy and quality education in the United States has been jeopardized by a market-based school reform agenda. The last twenty years of federal policy and legislation has resulted in privatizing public education, vilifying the voices of teachers and narrowing the curriculum to easily quantified skills in reading and math. The curriculum taught in U.S. public schools has been reduced to corporate terms of achievement and measurement. Within this paper, I explored the question, “What does quality education look like in a democracy?” A critique of recent educational reforms in the United States and influential international benchmarks are presented, and a curricular scope for quality education is proposed incorporating the missing democratic fundamentals. This paper hopes to encourage a global dialogue among policy makers, educators and other stakeholders who value a quality public education and see it as necessary to pursue a democratic vision.

Share and Cite:

Belcastro, A. (2015) Rebalancing Quality Education in a Democratic Society. Creative Education, 6, 428-439. doi: 10.4236/ce.2015.64043.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Apple, M. W. (2014). Official Knowledge: Democratic Education in a Conservative Age. New York: Routledge.
[2] Autio, T. (2013). The Internationalization of Curriculum Research. In W. F. Pinar (Ed.), International Handbook of Curriculum Research (2nd ed., pp. 17-31). New York: Routledge.
[3] Banks, J. (1993). The Canon Debate, Knowledge Construction and Multicultural Education. Educational Researcher, 22, 4-14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X022005004
[4] Bowles, S. (2014). Schooling in Capitalist America: Educational Reform and the Contradictions of Economic Life. Chicago and New York: Haymarket Books.
[5] Breakspear, S. (2012). The Policy Impact of PISA: An Exploration of the Normative Effects of International Benchmarking in School System Performance. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 71, New York: OECD.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k9fdfqffr28-en
[6] Bruner, J. (1960). The Process of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
[7] Cochran-Smith, M. (1995). Uncertain Allies: Understanding the Boundaries between Race and Teaching. Harvard Educational Review, 56, 541-570.
[8] Cochran-Smith, M. (2004). Walking the Road: Race, Diversity, and Social Justice in Teacher Education. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
[9] Cochran-Smith, M., & Fries, M. K. (2002). The Discourse of Reform in Teacher Education: Extending the Dialogue. Educational Researcher, 31, 26-29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X031006026
[10] Cohen, J. (1999). Educating Minds and Hearts. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
[11] Colby, A., Ehrlich, T., Beaumont, E., & Stephens, J. (2003). Educating Citizens: Preparing American’s Undergraduates for Lives of Moral and Civic Responsibility. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
[12] Dahl, R. (1989). Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven, MA: Yale University Press.
[13] Darling-Hammond, L., & Sikes, G. (2004). A Teacher Supply Policy for Education: How to Meet the “Highly Qualified Teacher” Challenge. In N. Epstein (Ed.), Who’s in Charge Here? Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
[14] Dewey, J. (1916/1997). Democracy and Education. New York: The Free Press.
[15] Dewey, J. (1933). How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process. Boston, MA: Henry Holt.
[16] Dewey, J. (1938/1963). Experience and Education. New York: Simon & Schuster.
[17] Dweck, C. (2006). Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. New York: Random House LLC.
[18] Elias, M., Zins, J., Weissberg, R., Frey, K., Greenberg, M., Haynes, N., Kessler, R., & Freire, P. (1998). Pedagogy of Freedom: Ethics, Democracy, and Civic Courage. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
[19] Giroux, H. (2006). Dirty Democracy and State Terrorism: The Politics of the New Authoritarianism in the United States. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 26, 163-177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-2006-001
[20] Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam.
[21] Goleman, D. (2001). An EI-Based Theory of Performance. In C. Cherniss, & D. Goleman (Eds.), The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace (pp. 27-44). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
[22] Goodlad, J., Mantle-Bromley, C., & Goodlad, S. (2004). Education for Everyone: Agenda for Education in a Democracy. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
[23] Goodlad, J., Soder, R., & Sirotnik, K. (1990). The Moral Dimensions of Teaching. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
[24] Green, P. (1985). Retrieving Democracy: In Search of Civic Equality. London: Methuen.
[25] Greene, M. (1986). In Search of Critical Pedagogy. Harvard Educational Review, 56, 427-441.
[26] Greene, M. (1998). Preface. In W. Ayers, J. Hunt, & T. Quinn (Eds.), Teaching for Social Justice. New York: Teachers College Press.
[27] Hargreaves, A. (2011). Change from Without: Lessons from Other Countries, Systems, and Sectors. In A. Hargreaves, A. Lieberman, M. Fullan, & D. Hopkins (Eds.), Second International Handbook of Educational Change (pp. 611-629). Dordrecht: Springer.
[28] Henderson, J., & Kesson, K. (2004). Curriculum Wisdom: Educational Decisions in Democratic Societies. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
[29] Law, E. H. F. (2014). In Search of a Diverse Curriculum: Toward the Making of a Postmodern Hong Kong in the 21st Century. In W. Pinar (Ed.), International Handbook of Curriculum Research (2nd ed., pp. 217-226). New York: Routledge.
[30] Leonardo, Z. (2004). Critical Social Theory and Transformative Knowledge: The Functions of Criticism in Quality Education. American Research Education Association, 33, 11-18.
[31] Maxcy, J. (1995). Democracy, Chaos, and the New School Order. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
[32] Meier, D. (2000). Educating a Democracy. Boston Review, Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
[33] No Child Left Behind Act (2001). P.L. 107-102, Title I, Section 1111(2)(A).
[34] Nodding, N. (1984). Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
[35] OECD (2011). Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education: Lessons from PISA for the United States. Paris: OECD Publishing.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264096660-en
[36] Onosko, J. (2011). Race to the Top Leaves Children and Future Citizens behind: The Devastating Effects of Centralization, Standardization, and High Stakes Accountability. Democracy and Education, 19, 1-11.
[37] Parker, W. (2006). Public Discourses in Schools: Purposes, Problems, Possibilities. Educational Researcher, 35, 11-18.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X035008011
[38] Postman, N. (1995). The End of Education. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
[39] Ravitch, D. (2011). Obama’s Race to the Top Will Not Improve Education. Huffington Post.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/diane-ravitch/
obamas-race-to-the-top-wi_b_666598.html
[40] Rothblatt, S. (2007). Education’s Abiding Moral Dilemma: Merit and Worth in the Cross-Atlantic Democracies, 1800-2006. Didcot: Symposium Books.
[41] Sahlberg, P. (2010). Rethinking Accountability in a Knowledge Society. Journal of Educational Change, 11, 45-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10833-008-9098-2
[42] Shapiro, H., & Purpel, D. (2005). Critical Social Issues in American Education: Democracy and Meaning in a Globalizing World (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
[43] Tocqueville, A. (1862). Democracy in America and Two Essays on America. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.
[44] UNICEF Office of Research (2013). Child Well-Being in Rich Countries: A Comparative Overview. Innocenti Report Card 11, Florence: UNICEF Office of Research.
[45] US Department of Education (USED) (2009). Race to the Top Program: Executive Summary.
http://www2.ed.gov/programs/racetothetop/executive-summary.pdf
[46] Villegas, A., & Lucas, T. (2002). Educating Culturally Responsible Teachers. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
[47] Walker, D. (2003). Fundamentals of Curriculum: Passion and Professionalism (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
[48] Wei, R. C., Darling-Hammond, L., & Adamson, F. (2010). Professional Development in the United States: Trends and Challenges. Dallas, TX: National Staff Development Council.
[49] Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (1998). Understanding by Design. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Copyright © 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.