Assessment of the Water Quality in the Ariake Sea Using Principal Component Analysis

Toshinori Tabata^1*, Kazuaki Hiramatsu², Masayoshi Harada²

¹Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
²Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2015.71003                

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the condition of the Ariake Sea, Japan, which has been suffering from severe environmental issues for the past few decades. Water quality data have been generated from several points in this area for over 30 years by the Fukuoka, Saga, Kumamoto, and Nagasaki prefectures. In order to understand the characteristics of this sea, principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized using 11 water quality parameters; transparency, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃^--N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO₂^--N), phosphate-phosphorus, (PO₄^3--P) and silica. PCA conveyed the amount of nutrients originating from the river, the organic pollution level, and seasonal changes. Subsequently, principal component scores were calculated for each point. It was concluded that the Ariake Sea environment has been affected by two main factors, which are the nutrients from the Chikugo River and anticlockwise tidal residual flow. These two factors must be considered for the environmental restoration of the Ariake Sea.

Keywords

Ariake Sea, Principal Component Analysis, Nutrients, Anticlockwise Tidal Residual Flow

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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