Evaluation Quality of One Layer Flat Bread Supplemented with Beans and Sorghum Baked on Hot Metal Surface

Hinar A. Seleem, Azza A. Omran^*

Department of Crops Technology Research, Food Technology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.522238                

Abstract

The present study was carried out to develop the wheat flour nutritional value with good quality of unleavened bread by adding 5%, 10% and 15% of bean or sorghum flour. Water absorption was increased by addition of bean flour as a result of increase rate of substitution. Dough stability decreased for bean and sorghum blends as the same as increasing addition. Softening gradually increased with increasing the addition of beans or sorghum. Addition of 15% sorghum had the highest degree of softening compared with wheat control and beans mixtures. The extensibility, elasticity and the energy of produced dough were decreased with addition of beans or sorghum to wheat flour and the reduction increased with increasing the level of substitution. In contrast, addition of beans or sorghum to wheat flour increased the proportional number of the produced dough from 3.25 to 3.62 and from 1.80 to 2.90 for beans and sorghum dough, respectively. Bread supplemented with beans had the highest values in protein, ash and fiber compared with wheat and sorghum bread whereas, bread supplemented with sorghum had the highest values in fat content compared with wheat and beans bread. Sorghum bread had the highest iron and zinc content while beans bread had the highest calcium content. The sensory evaluation showed that different blends of beans and sorghum bread had highly acceptable values of all characteristics comparing with wheat control bread. Freshness of all unleavened flat bread blends decreased at different periods as well as bread control compared with zero time period. Water holding capacity (WHC) was significantly increased in all samples compared with wheat bread. Supplementation of bread with 15% beans recorded the highest value in WHC.

Keywords

Unleavened Flat Bread, Beans, Sorghum, Rheological Properties, Chemical Composition, Sensory Characteristics

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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