Is the Distribution of Microorganisms and Peritonitis Affected by Seasonality in Peritoneal Dialysis?

Ana Elizabeth Figueiredo¹, Ana Carolina Gonçalves Kehl², Stephanie Thomaz Bottin², Wilem Gomes Daminelli²

¹School of Nursing, Nutrition and Physiotherapy (FAENFI), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
²Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia, Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

DOI: 10.4236/ojneph.2014.44021                

Abstract

Introduction: Peritonitis continues to be the main complication for patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Objective: To determine the frequency of peritonitis according to the disease-causing microorganism and its distribution throughout the year, linking to seasonality. Methods: A retrospective study conducted in the Dialysis Unit of the Hospital São Lucas, PUCRS (HSL-PUCRS). Patients undergoing PD between January 1984 and September 2013 were included. Descriptive statistics were used and Fisher’s exact test with Monte Carlo simulation for comparison between the categorical variables. Results: Of 415 evaluated patients, 66% had at least one episode of peritonitis with an incidence rate of 0.68 episode/year. There were 601 peritonitis episodes in total. The most common microorganism was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (26.6%, n = 160), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.3%, n = 98), with 16.3% of the sample being negative culture. Most episodes occurred in the months of January (10.3%, n = 62) and May (10.1%, n = 61), while June had the lowest occurrence (5.2%, n = 31). The number of episodes observed in January and May were significantly higher when compared to June (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found for the remaining months. There was no association between the microorganisms and months of the year (p = 0.841). Conclusion: The rate of peritonitis is in line with that recommended by the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis. The distribution of peritonitis-causing germs over the months of the year would seem to be random.

Keywords

Chronic Renal Insufficiency, Peritoneal Dialysis, Peritonitis, Seasonal Variations

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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