Risk Factors for Hemoptysis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients from Southern China: A Retrospective Study

Shouyong Tan^1*, Danxiong Sun^1,2, Tiantuo Zhang³, Yanqiong Li¹, Yuanyuan Cao⁴, Moses M. Njire⁴, Changwei Wang⁴, Tianyu Zhang^4*

¹State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
²Respiratory Department, The First People Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
³Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
⁴State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

DOI: 10.4236/jtr.2014.24022                

Abstract

Clinical characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) patients from southern China with pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis (PTH) were analyzed retrospectively in order to improve the diagnosis of TB, reduce mortality and prevent the transmission of TB. A total of 1227 cases of pulmonary TB patients hospitalized in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and Guangzhou Chest Hospital from January to December of 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. 1) The male/female ratio of the 1227 tuberculosis cases was 2.15:1. There were 403 cases (32.8%) of PTH with a male/ female ratio of 3.03:1. 2) The ratio of patients with PTH to those with TB was designated as Rh. The Rh in the male group (36.2%, 303 cases) was higher than that in the female group (25.6%, 100 cases, risk ratio (RR) = 1.41, P ≤ 0.001). 3) The Rh in the elderly group (≥60 years old, 20.3%, 56 cases) was lower than that in the younger patients group (20 - 39 years old, 45.4%, 189 cases, RR = 2.51, P ≤ 0.001). 4) The Rh in initial treatment group (29.6%, 296 cases) was lower than that in the retreatment group (46.9%, 107 cases, RR = 1.58, P ≤ 0.001). 5) The Rh in sputum-positive TB patients (44.5%, 297 cases) was significantly higher than that in the smear-negative TB patients (18.9%, 106 cases, RR = 2.35, P ≤ 0.001). 6) The Rh of patients with lung lesions range < 3 lung fields (31.7%, 105 cases) was not significantly different with that of patients with lung lesions range ≥ 3 lung fields (33.3%, 298 cases, RR = 1.05, P = 0.96 > 0.05). 7) The Rh of patients with cavities (51.8%, 309 cases) was higher than that of patients without cavities (14.9%, 94 cases, RR = 3.48, P ≤ 0.001). Male, young, retreated, sputum-positive TB patients and those with cavitary TB were more predisposed to PTH in southern China. TB patients with such characteristics should be sensitized and accorded good care.

Keywords

Tuberculosis, Hemoptysis, Risk Factors

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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