Study of the Prevalence of Hypertension and Complications of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy

Shahla Khosravi¹, Soheila Dabiran^2*, M. Lotfi³, Mohammad Asnavandy²

¹Reproductive Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
²Reproductive Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
²Department of Community Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
³Islamic Azad University of Varamin, Varamin, Iran.

DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2014.411097                

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the common problems associated with pregnancy that may be followed by eclampsia, acute renal failure, maternal death, premature delivery, intra-uterine growth restriction and other. This study was conducted to determine the results of pregnancies associated with hypertension in patients visiting in the Delivery Ward of Valiasr Hospital. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on all the patients admitted to the aforementioned department and who possessed the inclusion criteria for hypertensive pregnancy. Results: Among the 1694 delivery cases examined, 173 cases had hypertension (9.8%). Among these, 75 (45%) had gesta-tional hypertension; 24 (14.8%) had preeclampsia-eclampsia; 30 (18%) had preeclampsia su-perimposed on chronic hypertension; 21 (13.5%) cases had chronic hypertension; and 13 (8%) had pregnancy-aggravated chronic hypertension. Ninety-six point three percent (96.3%) had a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 140 - 190 mmHg, and 3.7% had a systolic BP greater than 190 mmHg. Whereas 61.1% of diastolic blood pressure 90 - 110 mmHg and 38.9% of the mothers had diastolic BP greater than 110 mmHg. The HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes & Low Platelet count) syndrome was present in 4.9% of cases; 52.6% experienced premature delivery; 7.4% had IUFD (intra uterine fetal death); 9.9% had IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation); and 17.3% had LBW babies. Conclusions: Based on our results, hypertensive mothers who are younger and have lower weight babies at birth experience more perinatal complications. The unpleasant effects of hypertension in pregnancy warrant the need for training, routine prenatal care, the early detection and treatment of hypertension at younger ages of pregnancy, and follow-up after delivery.

Keywords

Hypertension, Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Chronic Hypertension

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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