Phenotypic Characterization and Strategies for Genetic Improvement of WAD Goats under Backyard Systems

S. O. Oseni^1*, B. A. Ajayi²

¹Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
²Department of Animal Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria.

DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2014.45032                

Abstract

West African Dwarf (WAD) goats represent one of the predominant small ruminant breeds raised by resource-limited households in southern Nigeria as well as in the humid west and central Africa. This breed of goats is renowned for its adaptation to hot and humid environments, high fertility and prolificacy under backyard systems where they are raised almost with zero investment. On account of its contributions to household income and food security in southern Nigeria, there is the need for a detailed phenotypic and genetic characterization as well as the design of breeding strategies for its conservation through sustainable utilization. A critical challenge, however, is that there are no national breeding policies in most of the countries where WAD goats are raised. The objectives of this paper are: to review literature reports on trait-level information and estimates of genetic parameters for some economic characters of WAD goats; and to discuss a communal breeding scheme for its conservation through sustainable utilization. The presentation shows that WAD goats represent a highly diverse population, with particular reference to qualitative and performance-related traits, reflecting the role of traditional institutions in the maintenance of animal diversity in local populations. A genetic improvement programme involving dispersed open nucleus breeding scheme was discussed. The scheme involves backyard WAD goat units in villages as base population and dispersed communally managed schemes that maintain a population of bucks only, as nucleus units. Critical issues such as the definition of breeding goals by farmers, as well as communal project ownership, are emphasized. The ultimate goal of the breeding programme is to create opportunities for community-based management of WAD goat genetic resources for the benefit of backyard goat farmers in the region.

Keywords

WAD Goats, Characterization, Trait-Level Information, Genetic Improvement, Communal Breeding Scheme, Backyard Systems

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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