xhrj.onreadystatechange = function () {
                        if (xhrj.readyState == 4) {

                            if (xhrj.responseText) {
                                if (fCallBack.constructor == Function) { fCallBack(xhrj); }
                            } else {

                            }
                        }
                    };
                    xhrj.open('POST', encodeURI(sUrl), bAsync);

                    xhrj.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
                    xhrj.send(sArgs);
                },
                get: function (sUrl, bAsync, fCallBack, errmsg) {
                    var xhrj = this.init();
                    xhrj.onreadystatechange = function () {
                        if (xhrj.readyState == 4) {
                            if (xhrj.responseText) {
                                if (fCallBack.constructor == Function) { fCallBack(xhrj); }
                            } else {

                            }
                        }
                    };
                    xhrj.open('GET', encodeURI(sUrl), bAsync);
                    xhrj.send('Null');
                }
            }

            function RndNum(n) {
                var rnd = "";
                for (var i = 0; i < n; i++)
                    rnd += Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);
                return rnd;
            }

            function SetNum(item) {               
                var url = "//www.scirp.org/journal/senddownloadnum.aspx"; 
                var args = "paperid=" + item;
                url = url + "?" + args + "&rand=" + RndNum(4); 
                window.setTimeout("show('" + url + "')", 3000);                
            }


            function show(url) {               
                var callback = function (xhrj) { }
                ajaxj.get(url, true, callback, "try");                
            }

            //            function SetNumTwo(item) {
            //            alert("jinlia");
            //                var url = "../userInformation/PDFLogin.aspx";
            //                var refererrurl = document.referrer;
            //                var downloadurl = window.location.href;
            //                var args = "PaperID=" + item + "&RefererUrl=" + refererrurl + "&DownloadUrl="+downloadurl;
            //                url = url + "?" + args + "&rand=" + RndNum(4);
            //                
            ////                window.setTimeout("show('" + url + "')", 500);
            //            }

            


            //            function pdfdownloadjudge() {
            //                $("a").each(function(index) {
            //                    var rel = $(this).attr("rel");
            //                    if (rel == "true") {
            //                        $(this).removeAttr("onclick");
            //                          $(this).attr("href","#");
            //                          //$(this).bind('click', function() { SetNumTwo(50077)});

            //                          var url = "../userInformation/PDFLogin.aspx";
            //                          var refererrurl = document.referrer;
            //                          var downloadurl = window.location.href;
            //                          var args = "PaperID=" + 50077 + "&RefererUrl=" + refererrurl + "&DownloadUrl=" + downloadurl;
            //                          url = url + "?" + args + "&rand=" + RndNum(4); 
            //                          
            //                        $(this).bind('click', function() { ShowTwo(url)});
            //                    }
            //                });
            //            }

            //            //获取下载pdf注册的cookie 
            //            function getcookie() {
            //                var cookieName = "pdfddcookie";
            //                var cookieValue = null; //返回cookie的value值 
            //                if (document.cookie != null && document.cookie != '') {
            //                    var cookies = document.cookie.split(';'); //将获得的所有cookie切割成数组 
            //                    for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
            //                        var cookie = cookies[i]; //得到某下标的cookies数组 
            //                        if (cookie.substring(0, cookieName.length + 2).trim() == cookieName.trim() + "=") {//如果存在该cookie的话就将cookie的值拿出来 
            //                            cookieValue = cookie.substring(cookieName.length + 2, cookie.length);
            //                            break
            //                        }
            //                    }
            //                }
            //                if (cookieValue != "" && cookieValue != null) {//如果存在指定的cookie值

            //                    return false;
            //                }
            //                else {
            //                   
            //                    return true;
            //                }
            //            }


            //            function ShowTwo(webUrl){
            //            alert("22");
            //               $.funkyUI({url:webUrl,css:{width:"600",height:"500"}});
            //            }


            //window.onload = pdfdownloadjudge;  
        </script>

        <script type="text/javascript">
            var ajax2 = {//xmlhttp request
                tryList: function () {
                    var xhr2 = null;
                    for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
                        var lambda = arguments[i];
                        try { xhr2 = lambda(); break; } catch (e) { }
                    }
                    return xhr2;
                },
                init: function () {
                    return this.tryList(
                        function () { return new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.XMLHttp.6.0'); },
                        function () { return new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.XMLHttp.3.0'); },
                        function () { return new XMLHttpRequest(); },
                        function () { return new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.XMLHttp.5.0'); },
                        function () { return new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.XMLHttp.4.0'); },
                        function () { return new ActiveXObject('Msxml2.XMLHTTP'); },
                        function () { return new ActiveXObject('MSXML.XMLHttp'); },
                        function () { return new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP'); }
                        ) || null;
                },
                post: function (sUrl, sArgs, bAsync, fCallBack, errmsg) {
                    var xhr2 = this.init();
                    xhr2.onreadystatechange = function () {
                        if (xhr2.readyState == 4) {
                            if (xhr2.responseText) {
                                if (fCallBack.constructor == Function) { fCallBack(xhr2); }
                            } else {
                                //alert(errmsg);
                            }
                        }
                    };
                    xhr2.open('POST', encodeURI(sUrl), bAsync);
                    xhr2.setRequestHeader('Content-Length', sArgs.length);
                    xhr2.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
                    xhr2.send(sArgs);
                },
                get: function (sUrl, bAsync, fCallBack, errmsg) {
                    var xhr2 = this.init();
                    xhr2.onreadystatechange = function () {
                        if (xhr2.readyState == 4) {
                            if (xhr2.responseText) {
                                if (fCallBack.constructor == Function) { fCallBack(xhr2); }
                            } else {
                                alert(errmsg);
                            }
                        }
                    };
                    xhr2.open('GET', encodeURI(sUrl), bAsync);
                    xhr2.send('Null');
                }
            }




            function SetSearchLink(item) {

                var url = "../journal/recordsearchinformation.aspx";
                var skid = $(":hidden[id$=HiddenField_SKID]").val();
                var args = "skid=" + skid;
                url = url + "?" + args + "&urllink=" + item;
                window.setTimeout("showSearchUrl('" + url + "')", 300);
            }

            function showSearchUrl(url) {
                var callback2 = function (xhr2) { }

                ajax2.get(url, true, callback2, "try");
            }

        </script>


        <script type="text/javascript">

            $(function () {

                //判断滚动条距离上面的高度是否为0来判断是否显示返回头部模块

                $(window).scroll(function () {

                    var top = $(window).scrollTop();

                    if (top > 0) {

                        $("#scrolltop").fadeIn("slow");

                    } else {

                        $("#scrolltop").fadeOut("slow");

                    }

                });

                //点击返回头部效果

                $("#scrolltop").click(function () {

                    $("html,body").animate({ scrollTop: 0 });

                });

            });

        </script>

        <div id="scrolltop">
            <div id="arrowtop">
            </div>
        </div>


        <div style="width: 100%; height: 34px; border-bottom: 1px solid #d5d5d5; padding-bottom: 5px;">
            <div id="JournalInfor_div_nav_journal" style="width: 100%;">

                <div style="float: left; width: 283px; margin-top: 5px;">
                    <strong><a href="journalarticles.aspx?journalid=2430">
                        JSS</a></strong>&gt; <a href="home.aspx?issueid=5300#50077">Vol.2
                                    No.9,
                                    September
                            2014</a>
                </div>
                <div style="width: 395px; float: right;">
                    <div id="JournalInfor_div_share">
                        <div style="width: 135px; float: left; margin-top: 5px;">Share This Article: </div>
                        <!-- AddThis Button BEGIN -->
                        <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style">
                            <a class="addthis_button_preferred_1"></a><a class="addthis_button_preferred_2"></a><a class="addthis_button_preferred_3"></a><a class="addthis_button_preferred_4"></a><a class="addthis_button_compact"></a><a class="addthis_counter addthis_bubble_style"></a>
                            
                           

                        </div>
                        <!-- AddThis Button END -->
                    </div>
                    
                    <div style="text-align: center; background: #ff5210; border: 1px solid #ff2101; display: none;">
                        <a href="#" style="font-weight: bold; color: #fff;">Cite This Paper &gt;&gt;</a>
                    </div>
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="JournalInfor_div_nav_book" style="display: none;">
            <strong>The paper is not in the journal.Go Back <a href="//www.scirp.org">HomePage</a>
            </strong>
        </div>

        <div id="JournalInfor_div_paper" style="float: left; width: 100%;">
            <div>
               
                <p style="font-size: 18px; text-align: left; line-height: 26px;">
                    <span style="font-weight: bold; ">A Comparison between Finland and China on Off-Campus Education of Primary and Secondary Schools</span> <span id="JournalInfor_reviewpaper_show" style="color:gray;Display:None;">()</span>
                </p>
            </div>

            <div style="margin-top: 10px;">
                
                <a href="paperabs.aspx?paperid=50077" target="_blank" style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; border: 1px solid #d5d5d5; padding: 1px 3px; height: 17px; line-height: 17px; display: inline-block;">Abstract</a>  <a href='//www.scirp.org/html/9-1760203_50077.htm' target='_blank' style='font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid #d5d5d5;padding:1px 3px;height:17px; line-height:17px; display:inline-block;' >Full-Text HTML</a>  <a href='//www.scirp.org/xml/50077.xml' target='_blank' style='font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid #d5d5d5;padding:1px 3px;height:17px; line-height:17px; display:inline-block;' onclick='SetNum(50077)' >XML</a>
                
                <a href="//www.scirp.org/pdf/JSS_2014092514004760.pdf"  target="_blank" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;" onclick='SetNum(50077)'>
                    <img src="../Images/pdf.png" alt="Download" style="margin-bottom: -3px;" />
                    <u>
                        Download as PDF</u></a>&nbsp;(Size:2485KB)
                               
                PP.
                321-327
            </div>
            <div style="margin-top: 10px;">
                <span id="JournalInfor_showDOI" style="clear: left;"><b style="color: #ff3300; font-size: 14px;">DOI: </b></span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2014.29051"
                    target="_blank" onclick='SetNum(50077)'>
                    10.4236/jss.2014.29051</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;
                
                
                <span
                    style="font-weight: bold; color: Red;">
                    3,202</span>
                <span style="color: #535353;">Downloads</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold; color: Red;">
                                4,399</span>
                <span style="color: #535353;">Views</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;
                <span id="JournalInfor_span_citations" style="Display:inline;"><a href='papercitationdetails.aspx?PaperID=50077&JournalID=2430' target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Citations</span></a></span>


                
            </div>
            <div style="margin-top: 10px;">
                <div style="float: left; font-size: 14px;">
                    <strong>
                        Author(s)</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#disqusinfor">Leave a comment</a>
                </div>
                <div style="float: left; width: 100%; margin-top: 10px;">

                    <a href='articles.aspx?searchcode=Qi++He&searchfield=authors&page=1' target='_blank'>Qi  He</a><sup>1</sup>, <a href='articles.aspx?searchcode=Daoling++Fu&searchfield=authors&page=1' target='_blank'>Daoling  Fu</a><sup>2</sup> 

                </div>
            </div>
            <div id="JournalInfor_div_affs" style="float: left; margin-top: 10px; width: 100%;">
                <p style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">
                    <a name="abstract">
                        Affiliation(s)</a>
                </p>
                <div align="justify">
                    <sup>1</sup><a href='articles.aspx?searchcode=International+and+Comparative+Education+Research+Institute%2c+College+of+Education%2c+Southwest+University%2c+Chongqing%2c+China&searchfield=affs&page=1' target='_blank'>International and Comparative Education Research Institute, College of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China</a>.<br /><sup>2</sup><a href='articles.aspx?searchcode=The+College+of+Physical+Education%2c+Southwest+University%2c+Chongqing%2c+China&searchfield=affs&page=1' target='_blank'>The College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China</a>.<br />
                </div>
            </div>
            <div style="float: left; margin-top: 10px; width: 100%;">
                <p style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">
                    <a name="abstract">
                        ABSTRACT</a>
                </p>
                <div style="text-align: justify; font-size: 13px;">
                    In 2011, the National Education Committee of Finland published “The Framework for Off-campus Education in Primary and Secondary Schools”, which stipulated the goals, content, and implementing guarantee of the off-campus education in primary and secondary schools. Besides, while emphasizing the equal importance of on-campus and off-campus education, the “Framework” also advocated schools to actively deal with the challenges posed to off-campus education, ensured its high quality and efficiency from all aspects, and cultivated primary and secondary school students’ emotional cognition, so as to enhance the level of their moral cognition. As a result, The “Framework” has profoundly promoted the development of off-campus education in Finnish primary and secondary schools. The off-campus education of china has certain problems relatively, such as the lack of system management, while quality is not guaranteed. However China has invested a lot of human, financial and material resources in basic education these years, and appropriate measures have been taken to address the problem of excessive burden on students. Moreover, much importance was attached to strengthening the construction and management of off-campus education sites, and enriching students’ extracurricular education. The author’s current study opted to compare Finland and China on Off-campus Education of Primary and Secondary Schools. Implications for Chinese education are discussed.
                </div>
            </div>
            <div id="JournalInfor_div_showkeywords" style="float: left; margin-top: 10px; width: 100%;">
                <p style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">
                    KEYWORDS
                </p>
                <div align="justify">
                    <a href='articles.aspx?searchcode=Comparison&searchfield=keyword&page=1&skid=0' target='_blank'>Comparison</a>, <a href='articles.aspx?searchcode=+Primary+and+Secondary+Education&searchfield=keyword&page=1&skid=0' target='_blank'> Primary and Secondary Education</a>, <a href='articles.aspx?searchcode=+Off-Campus+Education&searchfield=keyword&page=1&skid=0' target='_blank'> Off-Campus Education</a> 
                </div>
            </div>

            <div style="float: left; margin-top: 10px; width: 100%;">
                <p style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">
                    Cite this paper
                </p>
                <div align="justify">
                    He, Q.  and Fu, D.   (2014) A Comparison between Finland and China on Off-Campus Education of Primary and Secondary Schools. <i>Open Journal of Social Sciences</i>, <b>2</b>, 321-327. doi: <a href='http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2014.29051' target='_blank' onclick='SetNum(50077)'>10.4236/jss.2014.29051</a>.
                </div>
            </div>

            <div style="float: left; margin-top: 10px; width: 100%;" id="htmlContent">
                
            </div>
            <div style="float: left; margin-top: 10px; width: 100%;">
                <p style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">Conflicts of Interest</p>
                <p style="text-align: justify;">
                    The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p>
            </div>


            

            

            <div style="float: left; margin-top: 10px; width: 100%;">
                <p style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold;">
                    <a name="reference">
                        References</a>
                </p>
                <p>
                    <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align: justify;">
                        
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296547' target='_blank'>1</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref1" id="ref1"></a>
                                        Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China. The National Medium-and Long Term Plan for Education Reform and Development (2010 to 2020).
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296548' target='_blank'>2</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref2" id="ref2"></a>
                                        The Finnish National Board of Education. Basic Education Act 1998 [EB/OL]. 2013-08-10.<br/>http://www.minedu.fi/OPM/Koulutus/perusopetus/?lang=en.pdf
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296549' target='_blank'>3</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref3" id="ref3"></a>
                                        Chinese Youth Association, China Youth University for Political Sciences (2005) China Youth Education Policy Content Analysis and Performance Evaluation. China Children Press, Beijing, 52.
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296550' target='_blank'>4</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref4" id="ref4"></a>
                                        Itkonen, T. and Jahnukainen, M. (2007) An Analysis of Accountability Policies in Finland and the United States. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 54, 5-23. <br/>http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10349120601149664
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296551' target='_blank'>5</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref5" id="ref5"></a>
                                        Nation Master. School Life Expectancy [EB/OL].<br/>http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/edu_sch_lif_exp_tot-education-school-life-expectancy-total. 2013-09-15
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296552' target='_blank'>6</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref6" id="ref6"></a>
                                        Nation Master. Student Attitude Dislike School [EB/OL].<br/>http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Education/Student-attitude/Report-class-disorder
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296553' target='_blank'>7</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref7" id="ref7"></a>
                                        Nation Master. Student Attitude, Find School Boring [EB/OL]. 2013-09-15.<br/>http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/edu_stu_att_fin_sch_bor-student-attitude-find-school-boring
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296554' target='_blank'>8</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref8" id="ref8"></a>
                                        Finland Education Stats [EB/L]. <br/>http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Finland/Education
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296555' target='_blank'>9</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref9" id="ref9"></a>
                                        Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture. Education System in Finland [EB/OL]. 2013-08-12.<br/>http://www.minedu.fi/OPM/Koulutus/koulutusjaerjestelmae/index.html?lang=en
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296556' target='_blank'>10</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref10" id="ref10"></a>
                                        The Finnish National Board of Education. National Framework for before- and after-School Activities in Basic Education [EB/OL].<br/>http://www.oph.fi/english/sources_of_information/core_curricula_and_qualification_<br/>requirements/before_and_after_school_activities.pdf.2013-08-11.
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296557' target='_blank'>11</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref11" id="ref11"></a>
                                        Lai, K.H. (1999) Civic Education: A Focus on Student Affairs Practice after Reunification. Educational Studies, 25, 205-215. <br/>http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03055699997918
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296558' target='_blank'>12</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref12" id="ref12"></a>
                                        The Finnish National Board of Education. National Core Curriculum for Basic Education [EB/OL].<br/>http://www.oph.fi/download/47673_core_curricula_basic_education_4.pdf . 2013-08-11.
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296559' target='_blank'>13</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref13" id="ref13"></a>
                                        Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture. Proudly Presents: Educational Support and Guidance [EB/OL]. 2013-08-23.<br/>http://www.minedu.fi/OPM/Verkkouutiset/2012/09/special_education.html?lang=en
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296560' target='_blank'>14</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref14" id="ref14"></a>
                                        Joelkivitsuma and Kariruoho (2007) Excellence through special Education? Lessons from the Finnish School Reform. Review of Education, 53, 283-302.
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296561' target='_blank'>15</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref15" id="ref15"></a>
                                        Halinen, I. and Jarvinen, R. (2008) Towards Inclusive Education: The Case of FINLAND. Prospects, 38, 77-97. <br/>http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11125-008-9061-2
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296562' target='_blank'>16</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref16" id="ref16"></a>
                                        Yuan, L.Q. (2007) An Analysis of the Reasons for the Success of Finland’s Basic Education. Primary & Secondary Schooling Abroad, 12, 36-39.
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296563' target='_blank'>17</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref17" id="ref17"></a>
                                        Ahonen, P. (2014) Administrative Research in a Neoinstitutionalist Perspective: Finland, Calling for Globalization, and the Rehabilitation of Public Administration. Administration & Society, 46, 747-774. <br/>http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399712461911
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296564' target='_blank'>18</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref18" id="ref18"></a>
                                        Giskes, K., Kunst, A.E. and Benach, J. (2005) Trends in Smoking Behaviour between 1985 and 2000 in Nine European Countries by Education. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59, 395-401.  <br/>http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.025684
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296565' target='_blank'>19</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref19" id="ref19"></a>
                                        Sahlberg, P.E. (2007) Education Policies for Raising Student Learning: The Finnish Approach. Journal of Education Policy, 22, 152.
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296566' target='_blank'>20</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref20" id="ref20"></a>
                                        Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China. The National Medium-and Long-Term Plan for Education Reform and Development (2010 to 2020).
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                                <tr>
                                    <td width="45" valign="top">

                                        [<a href='../reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1296567' target='_blank'>21</a>]
                                    </td>
                                    <td valign="top">
                                        <a target="_self" name="ref21" id="ref21"></a>
                                        Sahlberg, P.E. (2007) Education Policies for Raising Student Learning: The Finnish Approach. Journal of Education Policy, 22, 157.
                                    </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr style="height: 15px;">
                                    <td colspan="2"></td>
                                </tr>
                            
                    </table>
                </p>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div style="float: left; width: 100%;">
        &nbsp;<a name="disqusinfor" id="disqusinfor">&nbsp;</a>
    </div>
    <div id="disqus_thread">

        <script type="text/javascript">
            /* * * CONFIGURATION VARIABLES: EDIT BEFORE PASTING INTO YOUR WEBPAGE * * */
            var disqus_shortname = 'scirp'; // required: replace example with your forum shortname

            /* * * DON'T EDIT BELOW THIS LINE * * */
            (function () {
                var dsq = document.createElement('script'); dsq.type = 'text/javascript'; dsq.async = true;
                dsq.src = '//' + disqus_shortname + '.disqus.com/embed.js';
                (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(dsq);
            })();
        </script>

        <noscript>
            Please enable JavaScript to view the <a href="http://disqus.com/?ref_noscript">comments
                powered by Disqus.</a>
        </noscript>
        <a href="http://disqus.com" class="dsq-brlink">comments powered by <span class="logo-disqus">Disqus</span></a>
    </div>
    
<script type="text/javascript">var addthis_config = { "data_track_addressbar": false, data_track_clickback: false };</script>

                            <script type="text/javascript">
                                (function () {
                                    var share = document.createElement('script'); share.type = 'text/javascript'; share.async = true;
                                    share.src = '//s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-514829ff1e98ef10';
                                    (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(share);
                                })();

                            </script>

                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="right_m">
        
                
                <div style=" margin-top:8px;"></div>
                <div id="relatedArticles"></div>    
                 

                <div id="div_sep">
                    
    <div class="lib">
      
    <p><span style="float: left;color:#ff3300;font-size:12px;_font-size:7px;padding:0 5px 0 0">●</span>
            <span style="float: left"><a href="../journal/OpenSpecialIssues.aspx?JournalID=2430&PubState=false">
        Open Special Issues</a></span>
        </p>  
        
    <p><span style="float: left;color:#ff3300;font-size:12px;_font-size:7px;padding:0 5px 0 0">●</span>
            <span style="float: left"><a href="../journal/OpenSpecialIssues.aspx?JournalID=2430&PubState=true">
        Published Special Issues</a></span></p>
    
    
     
    <p><span style="float: left;color:#ff3300;font-size:12px;_font-size:7px;padding:0 5px 0 0">●</span>
        <span style="float: left"><a href="../journal/OpenSpecialIssuesGuideline.aspx?JournalID=2430">
        Special Issues Guideline</a></span></p>
      </div>

                </div>
                
                
    
<script type="text/javascript">

    var ajaxj3 = {
        tryList: function() {
            var xhrj = null;
            for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
                var lambda = arguments[i];
                try { xhrj = lambda(); break; } catch (e) { }
            }
            return xhrj;
        },
        init: function() {
            return this.tryList(
                function() { return new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.XMLHttp.6.0'); },
                function() { return new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.XMLHttp.3.0'); },
                function() { return new XMLHttpRequest(); },
                function() { return new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.XMLHttp.5.0'); },
                function() { return new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.XMLHttp.4.0'); },
                function() { return new ActiveXObject('Msxml2.XMLHTTP'); },
                function() { return new ActiveXObject('MSXML.XMLHttp'); },
                function() { return new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP'); }
                ) || null;
        },
        post: function(sUrl, sArgs, bAsync, fCallBack, errmsg) {
            var xhrj = this.init();
            xhrj.onreadystatechange = function() {
                if (xhrj.readyState == 4) {

                    if (xhrj.responseText) {
                        if (fCallBack.constructor == Function) { fCallBack(xhrj); }
                    } else {

                    }
                }
            };
            xhrj.open('POST', encodeURI(sUrl), bAsync);

            xhrj.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
            xhrj.send(sArgs);
        },
        get: function(sUrl, bAsync, fCallBack, errmsg) {
            var xhrj = this.init();
            xhrj.onreadystatechange = function() {
                if (xhrj.readyState == 4) {
                    if (xhrj.responseText) {
                        if (fCallBack.constructor == Function) { fCallBack(xhrj); }
                    } else {

                    }
                }
            };
            xhrj.open('GET', encodeURI(sUrl), bAsync);
            xhrj.send('Null');
        }
    }

    function RndNum3(n) {
        var rnd = "";
        for (var i = 0; i < n; i++)
            rnd += Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);
        return rnd;
    }

    function SetAdvertNum(item) {
        var url = "../Advert/AdvertClick.aspx";
        var args = "ADID=" + item;
        url = url + "?" + args + "&rand=" + RndNum3(4);
        window.setTimeout("showAdvert('" + url + "')", 500);
    }

    function showAdvert(url) {

        var callback = function(xhrj) { }

        ajaxj3.get(url, true, callback, "try");
    }        
</script>    
    



               
           



 
                
                

<div class="favor_z"> 
    <a href="../journal/SubscribeJournal.aspx?JournalID=2430">JSS 
    Subscription</a>
    </div>
 
<div class="favor_z">
    <a href="../journal/NewsletterSubscription.aspx?JournalID=2430"><b>
    E-Mail Alert</b></a>

    </div>
 
<div class="favor_z">
    <a href="../journal/HottestPaper.aspx?JournalID=2430" target="_blank">JSS 
    Most popular papers </a>
    </div>
    
<div class="favor_z">
 <a href="../journal/Publicat_Ethics_Statement.aspx?JournalID=2430">
    Publication Ethics & OA Statement</a>
</div>
    
<div id="UserControl_JournalRightMenu1_div_historyIssue" class="favor_z" style="DisPlay:None;">
 <a href="../journal/HistoryIssue.aspx?JournalID=2430" target="_blank">
    History Issue</a>
</div>        
    
<div class="favor_z">
    <a href="../journal/NewsJournal.aspx?JournalID=2430">JSS 
    News</a>
    </div>

<div class="favor_z">
    <a href="../journal/FAQ.aspx?JournalID=2430">
    Frequently Asked Questions</a>
    </div>

                
    
  <div class="favor_z"> <a href="../journal/RecommendToPeers.aspx?JournalID=2430">
      Recommend to Peers</a></div>
	  <div class="favor_z"> <a href="../journal/RecommendToLibrary.aspx?JournalID=2430">
          Recommend to Library</a></div>
    <div class="favor_z"> 
            <a href="../journal/ContactUs.aspx?JournalID=2430">
            Contact Us</a></div>
    <div id="UserControl_Reacommend1_div_ojuDisclaimer" class="favor_z" style="DisPlay:None;"> 
            <a href="../journal/Disclaimer.aspx?JournalID=2430">
            Disclaimer</a>
    </div>
                
                            
                
                                
                
                <div class="l_top">
                </div>
                
                <div class="l_min" id="journalSponsors">
                </div>
                <div class="l_bot">
                </div>
                <div style="float: left; width: 250px; height: 180px;">
                </div>
            </div>
            
        </div>
        <div id="papercopyright">
        <div id="UserControl_PaperCopyRight1_div_showby">
<p>Copyright &copy; 2020 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. </p>
<p><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" title="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="../Images/ccby.png"/></a></p>

<p>This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a <a about="http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2014.29051" rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
</div>

        </div>
        <div id="footer">
            

   

<div style="width:100%; text-align:left;">
    <table style="margin-left:30px; padding-left:20px; margin-bottom:20px;"   border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
    <tr>
        <th  style="width:210px;">Follow SCIRP</th>
        <th  style="width:150px;"><a href="//www.scirp.org/Index.aspx">Home</a></th>
        <th  style="width:190px;"><a href="//www.scirp.org/AboutUs/Index.aspx">About SCIRP</a></th>
        <th  style="width:230px;"><a href="//www.scirp.org/Careers/index.aspx">Service</a></th>
        <th  style="width:150px;">Policies</th>
    </tr>
    <tr >
       	<td rowspan="6" >
<div style="width:180px;  padding-bottom:40px;">
<table  style="text-align:center;"   border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" >
    <tr>
        <td style="padding-top:10px;padding-right:10px; "><a href="https://twitter.com/Scirp_Papers" target="_blank"><img src="../Images/twitter_2f_35.png" /></a> </td>
        <td style="padding-top:10px;padding-right:10px; "><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific-Research-Publishing-267429817016644/" target="_blank"><img src="../Images/facebook_2f_35.png" /></a> </td>
        <td style="padding-top:10px;padding-right:10px; "><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/scientific-research-publishing-inc.-usa" target="_blank"><img src="../Images/linkedin_2f_35.png" /></a> </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td style="padding-top:8px;padding-right:10px; "><a href="http://e.weibo.com/scirp" target="_blank"><img src="../Images/weibo_2f_35.png" /></a></td>
        <td style="padding-top:8px;padding-right:10px; "><a href="https://plus.google.com/+ScirpOrg-Scientific-Research-Publishing/posts" target="_blank"><img src="../Images/google_2f_35.png" /></a> </td>
        <td style="padding-top:8px;"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td colspan="3" style="padding-top:20px; "><a href="//papersubmission.scirp.org/login.jsp" target="_blank">Submission System Login</a></td>
      
    </tr>
</table>
</div>
       	</td>
        <td><a href="../journal/IndexByTitle.aspx">Journals A-Z</a></td>
        <td><a href="../journal/Index.aspx">Journals by Subject</a></td>
        <td><a href="//papersubmission.scirp.org">Manuscript Tracking System</a></td>
        <td><a href="../journal/OpenAccess.aspx">Open Access</a></td>
        
    </tr>
    <tr>
      
        <td><a href="../book/Index.aspx">Books</a></td>
        <td><a href="../AboutUs/ForAuthors.aspx">For Authors</a></td>
        <td><a href="../Careers/index.aspx">Translation & Proofreading</a></td>
        <td><a href="../AboutUs/PublicationEthics.aspx">Publication Ethics</a></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    
        <td><a href="../AboutUs/Jobs.aspx">Jobs</a></td>
        <td><a href="../AboutUs/PublicationFees.aspx">Publication Fees</a></td>
        <td><a href="../Careers/index.aspx#career">Careers</a></td>
        <td><a href="../AboutUs/Index.aspx#Preservation">Preservation</a></td>
        
    </tr>
    <tr>
     
        <td><a href="//blog.scirp.org">Blog</a></td>
        <td><a href="../journal/CallforSpecialIssueProposals.aspx">Special Issues</a></td>
        <td><a href="../AboutUs/Subscription.aspx">Subscription</a></td>
        <td><a href="../AboutUs/Index.aspx#Retraction">Retraction</a></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    
        <td><a href="../sitemap/index.xml">Sitemap</a></td>
        <td><a href="../journal/Peer-review.aspx">Peer-Review Resources</a></td>
        <td><a href="../AboutUs/FAQ.aspx">Frequently Asked Questions</a></td>
        <td><a href="../AboutUs/Index.aspx#Advertising">Advertising</a></td>
        
    </tr>
    <tr>

        <td><a href="../AboutUs/Index.aspx#ContactUs">Contact Us</a></td>
        <td><a href="../News/index.aspx">News</a></td>
        <td><a href="//www.scirp.org/JournalVolume.html">Volume & Issue</a></td>
        <td><a href="../AboutUs/PrivacyPolicy.aspx">Privacy Policy</a></td>
    </tr>
    
</table>

<div style="width:100%; text-align:center; padding-top:5px; background-color:#ff9900; height:30px;border-top:2px solid #fff;">Copyright &copy; 2006-2020 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All Rights Reserved.</div>

    

</div>







        </div>
    </div>
    <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$Hidden_JournalID" id="Hidden_JournalID" />
    

<script type="text/javascript">
//<![CDATA[
Sys.Application.add_init(function() {
    $create(AjaxControlToolkit.AutoCompleteBehavior, {"completionListCssClass":"autocomplete_completionListElement","completionListItemCssClass":"autocomplete_listItem","completionSetCount":15,"delimiterCharacters":"","highlightedItemCssClass":"autocomplete_highlightedListItem","id":"UserControl_HeaderNoLogin_UserControl_search_AutoCompleteExtender1","minimumPrefixLength":1,"serviceMethod":"GetCompletionList","servicePath":"../aotucomplete.asmx"}, null, null, $get("UserControl_HeaderNoLogin_UserControl_search_TextBox_searchCode"));
});
//]]>
</script>
</form>


 
  
			
			<script type="text/javascript">  
     $.ajax({
        type: "GET",
        url: "journalsponsor.aspx?journalid="+2430+"&timspan=" + new Date().getTime(),
        async: true,
        error: function(msg) {
            result = msg;
        },
        success: function(msg) {
            $("#journalSponsors").html(msg);
        }
    });
    </script>
			
			<script type="text/javascript"  >  
     $.ajax({
        type: "GET",
        url: "relatedarticles.aspx?paperid="+50077+"&timspan=" + new Date().getTime(),
        async: true,
        error: function(msg) {
            result = msg;
        },
        success: function(msg) {
            $("#relatedArticles").html(msg);
        }
    });
			</script>
			
			
			
			
			<script type="text/javascript"  >  
     $.ajax({
        type: "GET",
        url: "paperviewsdownloads.aspx?journalid="+2430+"&paperid="+50077+"&timspan=" + new Date().getTime(),
        async: true,
        error: function(msg) {
            result = msg;
        },
        success: function(msg) {
            
        }
    });
			</script>
			
			<!--Start of Zopim Live Chat Script-->
<script type="text/javascript"  >
    (function() {
        var chart = document.createElement('script'); chart.type = 'text/javascript'; chart.async = true;
        chart.src = '../js/chart.js';
        (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(chart);
    })();
    
  			</script>
<!--End of Zopim Live Chat Script--> 

    
</body>
</html>