Performance of WSNs under the Effect of Collisions and Interference

Mark Onsy, Ramy Salah, Michael Makar, Ghada Badawi, Ahmed Kenawy, Hassan H. Halawa, Tarek K. Refaat, Ramez M. Daoud, Hassanein H. Amer, Hany M. ElSayed, Magdy El Soudani

Electronics and Communication Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Electronics Engineering Department, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.

DOI: 10.4236/wsn.2014.66010                

Abstract

This paper proposes a methodology for calculating the energy consumed by a Wireless Sensor Network as well as its throughput under the effect of a jamming node modelling interference to account for collisions and retransmissions. Accordingly, the proposed methodology takes into consideration retransmissions and data dropped due to interference and collisions simultaneously. Simulations are conducted using OPNET to model various scenarios utilizing off-the-shelf wireless communication standards, namely ZigBee, Wi-Fi and Low Power Wi-Fi. A figure of merit is developed to offer more representative results for applications with different requirements. In achieving different requirements for a given application, there is a clear trade-off between energy consumption and throughput.

Keywords

WSN, Collisions, Interference, Goodput, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4, Low Power Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Energy Consumption

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Mansouri, M., et al. (2010) Factors that May Influence the Performance of Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Tan, Y.K., Ed., Smart Wireless Sensor Networks, Intech Publishing, Rijeka, 29-48.
[2]	Li, L., Hu X.G., Chen, K. and He, K.T. (2011) The Applications of WiFi-Based Wireless Sensor Network in Internet of Things and Smart Grid. Proceedings of 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, Beijing, 21-23 June 2011, 789-793.
[3]	Al-Jemelim, N., Hussin, F. and Yap, V. (2010) MAC and Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Tan, Y.K., Ed., Wireless Sensor Networks: Application-Centric Design, Intech Publishing, Rijeka, 1-23.
[4]	Cabezas, A.C., Pena T., N.M. and Labrador, M.A. (2009) An Adaptive Multi-channel Approach for Real-Time Media Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of Latin-American Conference on Communications, Medellin, 10-11 September 2009, 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LATINCOM.2009.5305150
[5]	Heinzelman, W.B., Chandrakasan, A.P. and Balakrishnan, H. (2002) An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 1, 660-670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2002.804190
[6]	Yang, Z. and Mohamed, A. (2011) Wireless Sensor Networks Applications via High Altitude Systems. In: Foerster, A. and Foerster, A., Eds., Emerging Communications for Wireless Sensor Networks, Intech Publishing, Rijeka, 14-24.
[7]	Bayraktaroglu, E., et al. (2008) On the Performance of IEEE 802.11 under Jamming. Proceedings of the 27th Conference on Computer Communication, Phoenix, 13-18 April 2008, 1265-1273.
[8]	Kenawy, A., et al. (2013) WSN Goodput and Energy Consumption for Various Wireless Communication Standards. Proceedings of the International Conference on Technological Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Konya, 9-11 May 2013, 40-45.
[9]	(1997) IEEE Std. 802.11.
[10]	(2008) IEEE Std. 802.15.4.
[11]	OPNET Official Website. http://www.opnet.com
[12]	Casilari, E., Cano-Garci, J.M. and Campos-Garrido, G. (2010) Modeling of Current Consumption in 802.15.4/ZigBee Sensor Motes. Sensors, 10, 5443-5468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s100605443
[13]	Ting, K., Kuo, F., Hwang, B., Wang, H. and Lai, F. (2010) An Accurate Power Analysis Model Based on MAC Layer for the DCF of 802.11n. Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, Taipei, 6-9 September 2010, 350-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISPA.2010.88
[14]	Kim, T., Park, J., Chong, H., Kim, K. and Choi, B. (2008) Performance analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Non-Beacon Mode with the Unslotted CSMA/CA. IEEE Communication Letters, 12, 238-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2008.071870
[15]	Chen, J., Sivalingam, K.M., Agrawal, P. and Kishore, S. (1998) A Comparison of MAC Protocols for Wireless Local Networks Based on Battery Power Consumption. Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Computer Communication. San Francisco, 29 March-2 April 1998, 150-157.