Evaluation of Infection Prevention and  Control Programmes (IPC), and Assessment Tools for IPC-Programmes at MOH-Health Facilities in Saudi Arabia

Abdullah M. Assiri; Abdul Jamil Choudhry; Suhair S. Alsaleh; Khalid H. Alanazi; Suha S. Alsaleh

doi:10.4236/ojn.2014.47051

Home > Journals > Medicine & Healthcare > OJN

Open Journal of Nursing > Vol.4 No.7, June 2014

Evaluation of Infection Prevention and Control Programmes (IPC), and Assessment Tools for IPC-Programmes at MOH-Health Facilities in Saudi Arabia ()

Abdullah M. Assiri, Abdul Jamil Choudhry, Suhair S. Alsaleh, Khalid H. Alanazi, Suha S. Alsaleh

Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA.
Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam-National Guard Health Affairs, Dammam, KSA.
Ministry of Health, Riyadh, KSA.

DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2014.47051 PDF HTML XML 5,433 Downloads 8,317 Views Citations

Abstract

Infection Prevention and Control is a Quality Standard and is crucial in all health care facilities. Many hospitals remain deficient in trained infection control professionals (ICPs), and now there is an acute awareness of the need to correct this shortfall. The objectives of the study were to describe the current status of ICP programs at ministry of health (MOH) and to evaluate the current status of infection prevention and control programs at health care facilities in kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional interview and a self assessment study were conducted on infection prevention and control (IPC) program in Saudi Arabia. All the MOH hospital in all regions was randomly chosen to the study setting. The selection of facilities was done at random with a clear intention to include twenty regions. A random sample was taken from these hospitals with sample size 56 (55.4%), by Multi stage random sampling technique. Results showed that the total facility in all over the kingdom was 51.4% where central area covered the facility score 58.2%, followed by western area (54.8%), south (53.7%), east (46.3%), and lastly with (45.8%) north area. Survey revealed that the infrastructure for infection control program in Saudi Arabian hospitals remained underdeveloped. There were defects in the identified components of effective infection control programs.

Keywords

Infection Prevention Control, Assessment Tools, Health Facility, Saudi Arabia

Share and Cite:

Assiri, A. , Choudhry, A. , Alsaleh, S. , Alanazi, K. and Alsaleh, S. (2014) Evaluation of Infection Prevention and Control Programmes (IPC), and Assessment Tools for IPC-Programmes at MOH-Health Facilities in Saudi Arabia. Open Journal of Nursing, 4, 483-492. doi: 10.4236/ojn.2014.47051.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Gulf Cooperation Council (2009) Infection Prevention and Control Manual, National Guard Health Affairs. King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh.
[2]	(1996) Ministry of Health Annual Report 1996, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 30.
[3]	Haley, R.W., Morgan, W.M., Culver, D.H., White, J.W., Emori, T.G., Mosser, J., et al. (1985) Update from the SENIC project. Hospital Infection Control: Recent Progress and Opportunities under Prospective Payment. American Journal of Infection Control, 13, 97-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0196-6553(85)80010-9
[4]	Stone, P.W., Larson, E. and Kawar, L.N. (2002) A Systematic Audit of Economic Evidence Linking Nosocomial Infections and Infection Control Interventions: 1990-2000. American Journal of Infection Control, 30, 145-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mic.2002.121099
[5]	Wenzel, R.P. (1995) The Lowbury Lecture. The Economics of Nosocomial Infections. Journal of Hospital Infection, 31, 79-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(95)90162-0
[6]	Graves, N., Halton, K. and Lairson, D. (2007) Economics and Preventing Hospital-Acquired Infection: Broadening the Perspective. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 28, 178-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/510787
[7]	Haley, R.W., Culver, D.H., White, J.W., Morgan, W.M., Emori, T.G., Munn, V.P., et al. (1985) The Efficacy of Infection Surveillance and Control Programs in Preventing Nosocomial Infections in US Hospitals. American Journal of Epidemiology, 121, 182-205.
[8]	Jodra, V.M., de los Terreros Soler, L.S., Pérez, C.D.-A., Requejo, C.M.S. and Farrás, N.P. (2006) Excess Length of Stay Attributable to Surgical Site Infection Following Hip Replacement: A Nested Case-Control Study. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 27, 1299-1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/509828
[9]	Ehrenkranz, N.J. (1986) The Efficacy of a Florida Hospital Consortium for Infection Control: 1975-1982. Infection Control, 7, 321-326.
[10]	(2012) Saudi Arabia Demographic Profile 2012.
[11]	(2009) Health Statistical Year Book. Ministry of Health, Riyadh.
[12]	Mufti, M.H.S. (2000) Healthcare Development Strategies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum, New York.
[13]	Memish, Z.A. (2002) Infection Control in Saudi Arabia: Meeting the Challenge. American Journal of Infection Control, 30, 57-65.
[14]	(1992) Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Public Health Forces: Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 41, 783-787.
[15]	Nettlemen, M.D. (1993) The Impact of Infection Control. In: Wenzel, R.P., Ed., Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections, 2nd Edition, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
[16]	Abussaud, M.J.I. (1990) Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections in a Saudi Arabian Teaching Hospital. Journal of Hospital Infection, 17, 235-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(91)90236-2
[17]	Memish, Z., Djazmati, W., Cunningham, G. and Oni, G. (2000) The Incidence and Risk Factors of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in a Riyadh Hospital. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 21, 271-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501758
[18]	Mah, M., Pyper, A., Oni, G. and Memish, Z. (2001) Impact of Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Wound Infection after Cesarean Section in a Situation of Expected Higher Risk. American Journal of Infection Control, 29, 85-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mic.2001.111372
[19]	Mah, M., Memish, Z., Cunningham, G., et al. (2001) An Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii in an ICU associated with tracheostomy. American Journal of Infection Control, 29, 284-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mic.2001.114232
[20]	Embil, J., Almuneef, M., Nicoll, D., et al. (2001) MRSA: Profiles Oceans Apart, Contrasting a Canadian and Saudi Arabian Experience. Journal of Chemotherapy, 13, 28-33.
[21]	Ronald, A. and Memish, Z. (2001) Infectious Diseases: Career Preparation. Journal of Chemotherapy, 13, 50-53.
[22]	(2008) Core Components for Infection Prevention and Control Programmes: Report of the Second Meeting of the Informal Network on Infection Prevention and Control in Health Care. Geneva, 26-27 June 2008, WHO/HSE/EPR/ 2009.1. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/WHO_HSE_EPR_2009_1/en/index.html
[23]	Scheckler, W.E., Brimhall, D., Buck, A.S., Farr, B.M., Friedman, C., Garibaldi, R.A., et al. (1998) Requirements for Infrastructure and Essential Activities of Infection Control and Epidemiology in Hospitals: A Consensus Panel Report. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 19, 114-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30142002
[24]	Smith, P.W. and Rusnak, P.G. (1997) Infection Prevention and Control in the Long-Term-Care Facility. SHEA Long-Term-Care Committee and APIC Guidelines Committee. American Journal of Infection Control, 25, 488-512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0196-6553(97)90072-9
[25]	Griffiths, P., Renz, A., Hughes, J. and Rafferty, A.M. (2009) Impact of Organisation and Management Factors on Infection Control in Hospitals: A Scoping Review. Journal of Hospital Infection, 73, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2009.05.003
[26]	Horan-Murphy, E., Barnard, B., Chenoweth, C., Friedman, C., Hazuka, B., Russell, B., et al. (1999) APIC/CHICA-Canada Infection Control and Epidemiology: Professional and Practice Standards. Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc., and the Community and Hospital Infection Control Association-Canada. American Journal of Infection Control, 27, 47-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0196-6553(99)70073-8
[27]	Zoutman, D.E., Ford, B.D., Bryce, E., Gourdeau, M., Hebert, G., Henderson, E., et al. (2003) The State of Infection Surveillance and Control in Canadian Acute Care Hospitals. American Journal of Infection Control, 31, 266-272; Discussion 72-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mic.2003.88
[28]	Plowman, R., Graves, N., Griffin, M.A., Roberts, J.A., Swan, A.V., Cookson, B., et al. (2001) The Rate and Cost of Hospital-Acquired Infections Occurring in Patients Admitted to Selected Specialties of a District General Hospital in England and the National Burden Imposed. Journal of Hospital Infection, 47, 198-209.