Zinc Requirements of Tropical Legume Cover Crops

Nand K. Fageria, Virupax C. Baligar, Marshall K. Elson

Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, USA.
National Rice and Bean Research Center of EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária), Santo Ant?nio de Goiás, Brazil.

DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2014.511187                

Abstract

Tropical soils are deficient in essential plant nutrients, including zinc (Zn). Using cover crops in cropping systems is an important option to improve soil fertility for sustainable crop production. However, success of cover crops in highly weathered tropical infertile acid soils is greatly influenced by adequate levels of available soil micronutrients. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the Zn requirements of ten major tropical legume cover crops. The Zn levels used were 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg·kg^-1 soil. Overall, shoot and root dry weight and maximum root length increased significantly in a quadratic fashion with increasing Zn rates in the range of 0 to 40 mg·kg^-1. The Zn × cover crops interactions for shoot and root dry weight, maximum root length, Zn concentration (content per unit dry weight), Zn uptake (concentration × dry weight) and Zn use efficiency (dry weight per unit Zn uptake) were significant, indicating variation in these traits with the change in soil Zn levels. Collectively, maximum shoot dry weight was achieved with the application of 22 mg Zn·kg^-1 of soil. Similarly, maximum root dry weight and root length were obtained with the addition of 22 and 17 mg Zn·kg^-1 soil, respectively. Overall, Zn concentration and Zn uptake were significantly increased in a quadratic manner with the increase in the soil Zn levels in the range of 0 to 40 mg·kg^-1. However, Zn use efficiency (dry weight per unit Zn uptake) decreased in a quadratic fashion with the increasing soil Zn levels from 0 to 40 mg·kg^-1. Jack bean, black velvet bean, pueraria, and gray velvet bean with high Zn use efficiency appear to be suitable cover crops for low Zn soils.

Keywords

Root and Shoot Dry Weight, Root Length, Zn Use Efficiency

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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